| musculus auricularis posterior | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, mastoid process; insertion, posterior portion of root of auricle; action, draws back the pinna; nerve supply, facial. Synonym: musculus auricularis posterior, musculus retrahens aurem, musculus retrahens auriculam. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| musculus auricularis superior | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, galea aponeurotica; insertion, cartilage of auricle; action draws pinna of ear upward and backward; nerve supply, facial. Considered by some to be the posterior part of the temporoparietal muscle. Synonym: musculus auricularis superior, attollens aurem, attollens auriculam, musculus attollens aurem, musculus attollens auriculam. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus azygos uvulae | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, posterior nasal spine; insertion, forms chief bulk of the uvula; action, raises the uvula; nerve supply, pharyngeal plexus. Synonym: musculus uvulae, muscle of uvula, musculus azygos uvulae, palatouvularis muscle, uvularis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus biceps brachii | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, long head from supraglenoidal tuberosity of scapula, short head from coracoid process; insertion, tuberosity of radius; action, flexes and supinates forearm (it is the primary supinator of the forearm); nerve supply, musculocutaneous. Synonym: musculus biceps brachii, biceps muscle of arm. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus biceps femoris | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, long head (caput longum) from tuberosity of ischium, short head (caput breve) from lower half of lateral lip of linea aspera; insertion, head of fibula; action, flexes knee and rotates leg laterally; nerve supply, long head, tibial, short head, peroneal. Synonym: musculus biceps femoris, biceps muscle of thigh, musculus biceps flexor cruris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus biceps flexor cruris | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, long head (caput longum) from tuberosity of ischium, short head (caput breve) from lower half of lateral lip of linea aspera; insertion, head of fibula; action, flexes knee and rotates leg laterally; nerve supply, long head, tibial, short head, peroneal. Synonym: musculus biceps femoris, biceps muscle of thigh, musculus biceps flexor cruris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus bipennatus | <anatomy> A muscle with a central tendon toward which the fibres converge on either side like the barbs of a feather. Synonym: musculus bipennatus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus biventer mandibulae | <anatomy> One of the suprahyoid group of muscles consisting of two bellies united by a central tendon which is connected to the body of the hyoid bone; origin, by posterior belly from the digastric groove medial to the mastoid process; insertion, by anterior belly into lower border of mandible near midline; action, elevates the hyoid when mandible is fixed; depresses the mandible when hyoid is fixed; nerve supply, posterior belly from facial, anterior belly by nerve to the mylohyoid from the mandibular division of trigeminal, a muscle with two fleshy bellies separated by a fibrous insertion. Synonym: musculus digastricus, biventer mandibulae, musculus biventer mandibulae, two-bellied muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus brachialis | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, lower two-thirds of anterior surface of humerus; insertion, coronoid process of ulna; action, flexes elbow; nerve supply, musculocutaneous, usually with a minor contribution from the radial. Synonym: musculus brachialis, brachial muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus brachiocephalicus | In animals, a compound muscle passing from the brachium or humerus to the head and the dorsal cervical raphe; the clavicular insertion or clavicle subdivides the muscle. Synonym: brachiocephalic muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus brachioradialis | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus; insertion, front of base of styloid process of radius; action, flexes elbow and assists slightly in supination; nerve supply, (common) radial. Synonym: musculus brachioradialis, brachioradial muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus bronchoesophageus | <anatomy> Muscular fascicles, arising from the wall of the left bronchus, which reinforce the musculature of the oesophagus. Synonym: musculus bronchoesophageus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus buccinator | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, posterior portion of alveolar portion of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe; insertion, orbicularis oris at angle of mouth; action, flattens cheek, retracts angle of mouth; nerve supply, facial. Plays an important role in mastication, working with tongue to keep food between teeth; when it is paralysed, food accumulates in the oral vestibule. A muscle of the cheek; so called from its use in blowing wind instruments. Origin: L, a trumpeter, fr. Bucinare to sound the trumpet. Synonym: musculus buccinator, cheek muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus buccopharyngeus | See: superior constrictor muscle of pharynx. (05 Mar 2000) |
| musculus bulbocavernosus | <anatomy> In the male: origin, the perineal membrane fascia on the dorsum of the bulb of the penis; insertion, central tendon of the perineum and the median raphe on the free surface of the bulb; action, constricts bulbous urethra when attempting to expel last drops following urination, or spasmodically with ejaculation to expel semen. In the female: origin, the dorsum of the clitoris, the corpus cavernosum, and the perineal membrane; insertion, central tendon of the perineum; action, acts as a weak sphincter of the vagina; when developed, is a part of "cross-member musculature" of pelvic floor which resists prolapse of pelvic viscera. Nerve supply, pudendal (deep perineal branch). Synonym: musculus bulbospongiosus, musculus bulbocavernosus, musculus ejaculator seminis, musculus sphincter vaginae, sphincter vaginae. (05 Mar 2000) |