| transverse cervical veins | Venae comitantes of the corresponding arteries, emptying into the external jugular vein or sometimes into the subclavian vein. Synonym: venae transversae colli, transverse veins of neck. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| unstable cervical spine fractures | <radiology> Flexion: bilateral interfacetal dislocation, flexion teardrop fracture (usually C5 or C6) extension: extension teardrop fracture (usually C2 or C3), hangman's fracture, extension-dislocation, extension-fracture-dislocation, odontoid fracture vertical compression: Jefferson burst fracture see: cervical spine fractures (12 Dec 1998) |
| laryngopharyngeal branches of superior cervical ganglion | Branches conveying postganglionic sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion to the pharyngeal plexus. Synonym: rami laryngopharyngei ganglii cervicalis superioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lateral cervical nuclei | Diffusely arranged nucleus located in the dorsal portions of the lateral funiculus in about cervical levels C1-C3; synaptic station for the spinocervicothalamic tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lateral deep cervical lymph nodes | The lymph nodes located in the posterior triangle of the neck beneath the deep cervical fascia; they empty into the jugular trunk on the right or left side; the group is subdivided into four smaller chains: anterior jugular lymph nodes, lateral jugular lymph nodes, accessory nerve lymph nodes, and supraclavicular lymph nodes. Synonym: nodi lymphatici cervicales laterales profundi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lateral part of posterior cervical intertransversarii muscles | lateral part of posterior cervical intertransversarii muscles |
| lateral superficial cervical lymph nodes | One to four nodes lying along the external jugular vein; they drain the skin and superficial structures over the region of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and send efferent vessels to the deep lateral cervical lymph nodes. Synonym: nodi lymphatici cervicales laterales superficiales. (05 Mar 2000) |
| abdominocardiac reflex | Mechanical stimulation (usually distention) of abdominal viscera causing changes (usually a slowing) in the heart rate or the occurrence of extrasystoles. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Abrams' heart reflex | A contraction of the myocardium when the skin of the precordial region is irritated. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accommodation reflex | Increased convexity of the lens, due to contraction of the ciliary muscle and relaxation of the suspensory ligament, to maintain a distinct retinal image. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Achilles reflex | A contraction of the calf muscles when the tendo calcaneus is sharply struck. Synonym: ankle jerk, ankle reflex, tendo Achillis reflex, triceps surae reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acousticopalpebral reflex | A form of the wink reflex in which there is a contraction, sometimes very slight, of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle when a sudden noise is made close to the ear; it is absent in labyrinthine disease with total deafness. Synonym: acousticopalpebral reflex, auropalpebral reflex, cochleo-orbicular reflex, startle reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acquired reflex | A reflex that is gradually developed by training and association through the frequent repetition of a definite stimulus. See: conditioning. Synonym: acquired reflex, behaviour reflex, trained reflex. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acromial reflex | Contraction of the biceps muscle caused by a tap on the acromion or the coracoid process. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute reflex bone atrophy | Atrophy of bones, commonly of the carpal or tarsal bones, following a slight injury such as a sprain. See: causalgia, reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Synonym: acute reflex bone atrophy, posttraumatic osteoporosis, Sudeck's syndrome. Origin: L. English sweat (05 Mar 2000) |