| cardiac muscle |
the muscle of the heart, comprising the chief component of the myocardium and lining the walls of the large vessels joined to the heart; it is composed of fibers of striated but involuntary muscle. The composition and organization of its fibers resemble those of skeletal muscle, but instead of forming a syncytium, its branched, mononucleate cells are linked end to end by intercalated disks that provide both mechanical and ionic coupling for coordination of the entire muscle.
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| cardiac cirrhosis |
fibrosis of the liver, probably following central hemorrhagic necrosis, in association with congestive heart disease. It is characterized by scarring about the central veins of the hepatic lobules.
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| cardinal veins |
two short venous trunks in the embryo that open into the primordial atrium of the heart; the right one combines with the anterior cardinal vein to become the superior vena cava; called also ducts or sinuses of Cuvier.
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| cardiac cycle |
a complete cardiac movement or heart beat. The period from the beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the next; the systolic and diastolic movement, with the interval between them. See also accompanying illustration.
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| cardiac murmur |
a sound of finite length generated by turbulence of blood flow through the heart; often classified as systolic, diastolic, or continuous, and further divided on the basis of its timing within systole or diastole. Murmurs are graded from 1 to 6 on the basis of increasing loudness.
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