| chemiluminescent labeling | A technique of labeling DNA strands, two different DNA probes emit light when they come together in the same region of a gene. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| chemiosmosis | <biochemistry, cell biology> A theoretical mechanism (proposed by Mitchell) to explain energy transduction in the mitochondrion. As a general mechanism it is the coupling of one enzyme catalysed reaction to another using the transmembrane flow of an intermediate species. For example Cytochrome oxidase pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane and ATP synthesis is driven by re entry of protons through the ATP synthesising protein complex. The alternative model is production of a chemical intermediate species, but no compound capable of coupling these reactions has ever been identified. (18 Nov 1997) |
| chemiosmotic coupling | The linking of ATP synthesis to electrontransfer by way of an electrochemical hydrogen cation gradient across amembrane. (09 Oct 1997) |
| chemiosmotic hypothesis | <biochemistry, cell biology> A theoretical mechanism (proposed by Mitchell) to explain energy transduction in the mitochondrion. As a general mechanism it is the coupling of one enzyme catalysed reaction to another using the transmembrane flow of an intermediate species. For example Cytochrome oxidase pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane and ATP synthesis is driven by re entry of protons through the ATP synthesising protein complex. The alternative model is production of a chemical intermediate species, but no compound capable of coupling these reactions has ever been identified. (18 Nov 1997) |
| chemiosmotic theory | The theory that the synthesis of ATP (an energy source made and used by the organism) within mitochondria and chloroplasts occurs by way of a proton gradient which forms when electrons are passed through their inner membranes. When protons are then passed through the inner membrane in the opposite direction, energy is released and used to make ATP. (09 Oct 1997) |
| chemiotaxis | A response of motile cells or organisms in which the direction of movement is affected by the gradient of a diffusible substance. Differs from chemokinesis in that the gradient alters probability of motion in one direction only, rather than rate or frequency of random motion. (18 Nov 1997) |
| chemise | A square of gauze fastened to a catheter passed through its centre; used to retain a tampon packed around the catheter inserted into a wound, such as that resulting from a perineal section. Origin: Fr. Shirt (05 Mar 2000) |
| chemist | 1. A specialist or expert in chemistry. 2. Pharmacist (British). (05 Mar 2000) |
| chemistry | The scientific study of the composition, structure, properties, andinteractions of chemicals. (09 Oct 1997) |
| chemistry, analytical | The branch of chemistry dealing with detection (qualitative) and determination (quantitative) of substances. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemistry, bioinorganic | A field of chemistry which pertains to the study of inorganic compounds or ions in biological systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemistry, clinical | The specialty of analytical chemistry applied to assays of physiologically important substances found in blood, urine, tissues, and other biological fluids for the purpose of aiding the physician in making a diagnosis or following therapy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemistry, inorganic | A field of chemistry which pertains to chemical compounds or ions that do not contain the element carbon (with the exception of carbon dioxide and compounds containing a carbonate radical, e.g., calcium carbonate). (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemistry, pharmaceutical | Chemistry that deals with the composition and preparation of substances used in treatment of patients or diagnostic studies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| chemo- | Chemistry. Origin: G. Chemeia, alchemy (05 Mar 2000) |