| acetoacetic acid | CH3COCH2COOH;one of the ketone bodies, formed in excess and appearing in the urine in starvation or diabetes. Synonym: diacetic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| acetoacetyl-acyl carrier protein synthase | <enzyme> E coli enzyme, that catalyses condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein plus acetyl-acyl carrier protein; not inhibited by cerulenin Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- Synonym: acetoacetyl-acp synthase (26 Jun 1999) |
| acetoacetyl-CoA | Intermediate in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the formation of ketone bodies; also formed from two molecules of acetyl-CoA; major role is condensation with acetyl-CoA to form the important beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA. Synonym: acetoacetyl-coenzyme A. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetoacetyl-CoA reductase | An oxidoreductase catalyzing interconversion of a 3-oxoacyl-CoA and NADPH, and the corresponding d-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA, and NADP+. A step in fatty acid synthesis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase | <enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of acetoacetate and CoA in the presence of ATP to yield AMP, pyrophosphate and acetoacetyl-CoA; the latter is the first intermediate in cholesterogenesis; also acts more slowly on l-3-hydroxybutanoate Registry number: EC 6.2.1.16 Synonym: acetoacetyl-CoA ligase, acetoacetate-CoA ligase, acetoacetyl-coenzyme a synthetase (26 Jun 1999) |
| acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase | An acetyltransferase forming acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA, releasing one CoA. A key step in ketogenesis and sterol synthesis. Synonym: acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA thiolase, thiolase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetoacetyl-coenzyme A | Intermediate in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the formation of ketone bodies; also formed from two molecules of acetyl-CoA; major role is condensation with acetyl-CoA to form the important beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA. Synonym: acetoacetyl-coenzyme A. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetoacetyl-succinic thiophorase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA and succinate into succinyl-CoA and acetoacetate; malonyl-CoA can substitute for succinyl-CoA and a few other 3-oxo acids for the acetoacetate; an important step in order for the ketone bodies to serve as a fuel for extrahepatic tissues. Synonym: 3-ketoacid-CoA transferase, acetoacetyl-succinic thiophorase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Acetobacter | <bacteria> Acetobacter is a genus of rod-shaped, flagellated or nonmotile bacteria that oxidize ethanol to acetic acid. These bacteria are commonly found on fruits and vegetables and although they are used commercially to produce vinegar (especially Acetobacter aceti), they are considered pests by brewers and vintners. Origin: L. Acetum = vinegar. (27 Jun 1999) |
| acetobacteraceae | <microbiology> A family of gram-negative bacteria consisting of ellipsoidal to rod-shaped cells that occur singly, in pairs, or in chains. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acetoclastic bacteria | <microbiology> Bacteria that use only acetic acid and produce methane during anaerobic fermentation. Origin: L. Acetum = vinegar. (06 May 1997) |
| acetoclastis | <biochemistry> The process of splitting acetate into methane and carbon dioxide by some methanogens. (09 Oct 1997) |
| acetogenic bacteria | <microbiology> Bacteria that convert carbon dioxide to sugars into acetate. Origin: L. Acetum = vinegar. (06 May 1997) |
| acetohexamide | <drug> A drug taken to lower the level of glucose in the blood. Only some people with non insulin-dependent diabetes take these pills. (09 Oct 1997) |
| acetohexamide reductase | <enzyme> Catalyses the conversion of acetohexamide to (-)-hydroxyhexamide Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |