| CRB | chemical, radiological, and biological; congenital retinal blindness |
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| CRP | chronic relapsing pancreatitis; corneal-retinal potential; coronary rehabilitation program; C-reacti... |
| CRV | central retinal vein |
| CRVO | central retinal vein occlusion |
| HARD | hydrocephalus-agyria-retinal dysplasia [syndrome] |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | A specific form of muscular dystrophy that is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait and thus confined to young males and to females with Turner's syndrome. One third of all cases are estimated to be new mutational events. See: dystrophin. It is characterised by degeneration and necrosis of skeletal muscle fibres, that are replaced by fat and fibrous tissue. Symptoms include muscle weakness and in some forms, the appearance of muscle enlargement (pseudo-hypertrophy). Advanced cases can include weakness of the respiratory muscles (compromising breathing) and cardiomyopathy. Inheritance: sex-linked recessive. Incidence: 1 in 4000 male births. (11 Nov 1997) |
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| dystrophy | <pathology> Any disorder arising from defective or faulty nutrition, especially the muscular dystrophies. Origin: L. Dystrophia, Gr. Trephein = to nourish (18 Nov 1997) |
| dystrophy, myotonic | Inherited disease with myotonia (irritability and prolonged contraction of muscles), mask-like face, premature balding, cataracts, and cardiac disease. Due to a trinucleotide repeat (a stuttering sequence of three bases) in the DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
| infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy | <neurology, paediatrics> A rare, familial disorder of early childhood manifested as progressive psychomotor deterioration, increased reflexes, Babinski sign, hypotonia and progressive blindness. Pathologically, eosinophilic spheroids of swollen axoplasm are found in various central nervous system nuclei. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oculopharyngeal dystrophy | A dominantly inherited form of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia usually presenting in middle life or old age with chronic ptosis and/or difficulty swallowing. Many sufferers have French-Canadian ancestry. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thoracic-pelvic-phalangeal dystrophy | Hereditary hypoplasia of the thorax, associated with pelvic skeletal abnormality. Synonym: asphyxiating thoracic chondrodystrophy, Jeune's syndrome, thoracic-pelvic-phalangeal dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy | A generally benign type of muscular dystrophy, with onset in childhood or early adulthood. Weakness begins with the pectoral girdle and proximal upper extremity muscles and spreads to the pelvic girdle and distal lower extremity muscles. Contractures of the elbow, flexors, neck flexors, and calf muscles often occur; muscle pseudohypertrophy and mental retardation do not occur. A cardiomyopathy is common. An X-linked inherited disorder, nonallelic to Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| endothelial dystrophy of cornea | Spontaneous loss of corneal endothelium leading to oedema of the corneal stroma and epithelium. (05 Mar 2000) |
| epithelial dystrophy | Corneal dystrophy affecting primarily the epithelium and its basement membrane. See: juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| twenty-nail dystrophy | Longitudinal ridging of all of the nails; seen in alopecia areata and lichen planus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy | Epithelial dystrophy characterised by progressive cysts and opacities of the corneal epithelium, with onset in infancy. Inheritance: autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance. Synonym: Meesman dystrophy. (22 Sep 2002) |
| facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy | A relatively benign type of muscular dystrophy commencing in childhood and slowly progressive; characterised by wasting and weakness, sometimes asymmetrical, mainly of the muscles of the face, shoulder girdle, and arms; autosomal dominant inheritance. Synonym: facioscapulohumeral atrophy, Landouzy-Dejerine dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Favre's dystrophy | Autosomal recessive bilateral peripheral and central retinoschisis with pigmentary degeneration of the retina, chorioretinal atrophy, vitreous degeneration, and night blindness. Synonym: Favre's dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fingerprint dystrophy | A condition wherein fine parallel lines in a fingerprint configuration area are seen in the basal epithelial layer and basement membrane of the corneal epithelium. See: map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fleck dystrophy of cornea | A bilateral occurrence of subtle spots in the corneal stroma; the spots vary in size and shape, and have sharp margins and clear centres; photophobia may occur; autosomal dominant inheritance. (05 Mar 2000) |