| glycosuria | <biochemistry, nephrology> The presence of glucose in the urine, especially the excretion of an abnormally large amount of sugar (glucose) in the urine, i.e., more than 1 gm. In 24 hours. Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine (18 Nov 1997) |
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| glycosuria, renal | Glycosuria occurring when there is only the normal amount of sugar in the blood, due to inherited inability of the renal tubules to reabsorb glucose completely. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycosyl | The radical resulting from detachment of the OH of the hemiacetal or hemiketal of a saccharide. Compare: glycoside. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycosyl compound | The compound formed between a sugar and another organic substance in which the OH of the reducing (hemiacetal) group of the former is removed; e.g., the natural nucleosides, in which a heterocyclic N becomes linked directly to the C-1 of ribose (or deoxyribose) to yield ribosyl compounds. Compare: glycoside. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycosyl group | <biochemistry> A radical chemical group on a larger molecule, derived from a sugar or starch molecule, which is attached to the rest of the larger molecule by way of a glycosidic bond. (09 Oct 1997) |
| glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol | gPI anchor |
| glycosylated alpha-amylase | <enzyme> Contains a single biantennary n-linked oligosaccharide that terminates with the structure fucalpha1,3(galbeta1,4)glcnac Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- Synonym: human glycosylated alpha-amylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| glycosylated haemoglobin | <biochemistry> A test which measures the amount of glucose-bound haemoglobin. As the blood glucose level increases the proportion of haemoglobin molecules which bind glucose increases with time. The measurement of glycosylated haemoglobin yields important information regarding how well a patients diabetes is being controlled. (27 Sep 1997) |
| glycosylated haemoglobin test | <investigation> A blood test that measures a person's average blood glucose (sugar) level for the 2- to 3-month period before the test. See: haemoglobin A1C. (09 Oct 1997) |
| glycosylation | <biochemistry> The process of adding sugar units such as in the addition of glycan chains to proteins. (18 Nov 1997) |
| glycosylation end products, advanced | Products derived from the nonenzymatic reaction of glucose and proteins in vivo that exhibit a yellow-brown pigmentation and an ability to participate in protein-protein cross-linking. These substances are involved in biological processes relating to protein turnover and it is believed that their excessive accumulation contributes to the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycosylceramidase | <enzyme> The enzyme hydrolyzing glycosyl-n-acylsphingosine to a sugar and n-acylsphingosine. It also catalyses the hydrolysis of phlorizin to phloretin and glucose. It is found in the intestinal brush border membrane often in conjunction with lactase. Chemical name: Glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase Registry number: EC 3.2.1.62 (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycosylphosphatidylinositols | Compounds containing carbohydrate or glycosyl groups linked to phosphatidylinositols. They act to anchor proteins or polysaccharides to cell membranes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycosyltransferase | <enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl group to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of phosphorylases. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Subclasses include the hexosyltransferases, pentosyltransferases, sialyltransferases, and those transferring other glycosyl groups. Registry number: EC 2.4 Synonym: transglycosylase. (08 Mar 2000) |
| glycotrophic | Pertaining to a principle in extracts of the anterior lobe of the pituitary that antagonises the action of insulin and causes hyperglycaemia. See: glycotropic factor. Origin: Glyco-+ G. Trophe, nourishment; trope, a turning (05 Mar 2000) |