| APP | acute phase protein; alum-precipitated pyridine; aminopyrazolopyrimidine; amyloid peptide precursor;... |
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| APR | abdominoperineal resection; absolute proximal reabsorption; acute phase reaction or reactant; amebic... |
| APRP | acidic proline-rich protein; acute phase reactant protein |
| ARP | absolute refractory period; American Registry of Pathologists; anticipated recovery path; apolipopro... |
| ASPS | advanced sleep phase syndrome |
| clinical spectrometry | Spectroscopic determination of the types and amounts of various substances in living tissue or fluid from a living body. Synonym: clinical spectrometry. Origin: bio-+ L. Spectrum, an image, + G. Metron, measure (05 Mar 2000) |
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| clinical spectroscopy | Spectroscopic examination of specimens of living tissue, including fluids removed therefrom. Synonym: clinical spectroscopy. Origin: bio-+ L. Spectrum, image, + G. Skopeo, to examine (05 Mar 2000) |
| clinical studies | <pharmacology> Human studies that are designed to measure the safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosage of a new drug or biological. Clinical studies routinely involve the use of a placebo group that is given an inactive substance that looks like the test product. (14 Nov 1997) |
| clinical syndrome | <syndrome> A clinical syndrome represents a typical constellation of physical (and laboratory) findings that may be seen as part of a primary disease process. A good example is shock, a clinical syndrome seen with many primary disease processes. (13 Nov 1997) |
| clinical thermometer | A small, self-registering thermometer, consisting of a simple scaled glass tube containing mercury, used for taking the temperature of the body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clinical trial | <pharmacology> Research study conducted with patients, usually to evaluate a new treatment or drug. Each trial is designed to answer scientific questions and to find better ways to treat individuals with a specific disease. (12 May 1997) |
| controlled clinical trial | A clinical trial involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. The treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. Control measures include placebos, active medicine, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. When randomization using mathematical techniques, such as the use of a random numbers table, is employed to assign patients to test or control treatments, the trial is characterised as a randomised controlled trial. However, trials employing treatment allocation methods such as coin flips, odd-even numbers, patient social security numbers, days of the week, medical record numbers, or other such pseudo- or quasi-random processes are simply designated as controlled clinical trials. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cytogenetics, clinical | The application of cytogenetics to clinical medicine. For example, clinical cytogenetic studies might be done to determine whether a child with possible Down syndrome has an extra chromosome 21. (12 Dec 1998) |
| prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical trial | <statistics> A clinical trial in which the method for analysing data has been specified in the protocol before the study has begun (prospective), the patients have been randomly assigned to receive either the study drug or alternative treatment, and in which neither the patient nor the physician conducting the study know which treatment is being given to the patient. (13 Nov 1997) |
| psychology, clinical | The branch of psychology concerned with psychological methods of recognizing and treating behaviour disorders. (12 Dec 1998) |
| human clinical trial | <pharmacology> Controlled clinical studies in human volunteers to test the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical candidates. There are usually three distinct phases of human clinical testing: Phases I, II, and III. Phase I trials are safety studies of volunteers, usually healthy controls. Phase II trials are studies to confirm safety and study optimum dose and initial efficacy. Phase III trials are studies to prove safety and efficacy in a specific patient population. (14 Nov 1997) |
| decision support systems, clinical | Computer-based information systems used to integrate clinical and patient information and provide support for decision-making in patient care. (12 Dec 1998) |
| disease, clinical | A disease with clinical signs and symptoms that can be recognised. As distinct from a subclinical illness without recognizable clinical manifestations. Diabetes, for example, can be subclinical in a person before emerging as a clinical disease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| in clinical parlance | The term often refers to the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord. (05 Mar 2000) |
| epidemiology, clinical | Epidemiology focused specifically upon patients. (12 Dec 1998) |