| RuDP carboxylase | <enzyme> A copper protein that catalyses the formation of 2 moles of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate in the presence of carbon dioxide and is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is combined with ribulose diphosphate to give two molecules of 3 phosphoglycerate, as part of the Calvin Benson cycle. It is the sole carbon dioxide fixing enzyme in C3 plants and collaborates with PEP carboxylase in carbon dioxide fixation in C4 plants. In the presence of oxygen the products of the reaction are one molecule of phosphoglyceric acid and one molecule of phosphoglycolic acid. The latter is the initial substrate for photorespiration and this oxygenase function occurs in C3 plants where the enzyme is not protected from ambient oxygen, in C4 plants the enzyme acts exclusively as a carboxylase since it is protected from oxygen. Also called Fraction 1 protein, the major protein of leaves. Chemical name: 3-Phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing) Registry number: EC 4.1.1.39 (12 Dec 1998) |
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| rue | 1. <botany> A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odour and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine. "Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see." (Milton) "They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense, sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called herb of grace." (Jer. Taylor) 2. Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. Goat's rue. See Goat. Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower (Thalictrum anemonides) common in the United States. Wall rue, a little fern (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) common on walls in Europe. Origin: F. Rue, L. Ruta, akin to Gr.; cf. AS. Rde. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ruff | 1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children. "Here to-morrow with his best ruff on." (Shak) "His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out against ruffs; . . . They were come to that height of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of a ruff." (Howell) 2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name. "I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I spread." (Pope) 3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness. "How many princes . . . In the ruff of all their glory, have been taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the victor's chariot!" (L'Estrange) 4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. "To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff." (Latimer) 5. A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle. 6. <machinery> A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion. 7. <zoology> A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird. 8. <zoology> A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, or Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colours, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck. Origin: Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. Rfinn rough, uncombed, Pr. Ruf rude, rough, Sp. Rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G. Raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E. Rough. Cf. Ruffle to wrinkle. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ruffe | <zoology> A small freshwater European perch (Acerina vulgaris). Synonym: pope, blacktail, and stone, or striped, perch. Origin: OE. Ruffe. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ruffed | Furnished with a ruff. Ruffed grouse, a species of lemur (lemur varius) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head. Its colour is varied with black and white. Synonym: ruffed maucaco. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ruffin | Disordered. "His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood." (Spenser) See: Ruffian. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| Ruffini's corpuscles | Sensory end-structures in the subcutaneous connective tissues of the fingers, consisting of an ovoid capsule within which the sensory fibre ends with numerous collateral knobs. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ruffini, Angelo | <person> Italian histologist, 1864-1929. See: Ruffini's corpuscles, flower-spray organ of Ruffini. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ruffle | 1. <cell biology> Projections at the leading edge of a crawling cell. In time lapse films the active edge appears to ruffle. The protrusions are apparently supported by a microfilament meshwork and can move centripetally over the dorsal surface of a cell in culture. 2. <zoology> The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur. See Ootheca. Ruffle of a boot, the top turned down, and scalloped or plaited. 3. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle. That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill. 4. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle. 5. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or commotion. "The fantastic revelries . . . That so often ruffled the placid bosom of the Nile." (I. Taylor) "She smoothed the ruffled seas." (Dryden) Origin: From Ruff a plaited collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD. Ruyffelen to wrinkle. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| rufigallic | <chemistry> Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| rufiopin | <chemistry> A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid. Origin: L. Rufus reddish + opianic. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| rufol | <chemistry> A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone. Origin: L. Rufus reddish + -ol. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| rufous | Synonym: erythristic. Origin: L. Rufus, reddish (05 Mar 2000) |
| rufous albinism | A pigmentary anomaly of blacks, characterised by red or yellow-red hair colour, copper-red skin, and often by dilution of iris pigment. Synonym: rufous albinism. Origin: G. Xanthos, yellowish (05 Mar 2000) |
| ruft | <medicine> Eructation; belching. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
Synonyms : Ruta chalepensis, Ruta graveolens
Synonyms : Claussena
Synonyms : A-272, RR-32705, A 272, A272, RR 32705, RR32705
Synonyms :
Synonyms : Compounds, Ruthenium
| rum |
liquor distilled from fermented molasses rummy: a card game based on collecting sets and sequences; the winner is the first to meld all their cards curious: beyond or deviating from the usual or expected; "a curious hybrid accent"; "her speech has a funny twang"; "they have some funny ideas about war"; "had an odd name"; "the peculiar aromatic odor of cloves"; "something definitely queer about this town"; "what a rum fellow"; "singular behavior"
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| ruminant |
any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments related to or characteristic of animals of the suborder Ruminantia or any other animal that chews a cud; "ruminant mammals"
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| rumination |
contemplation: a calm lengthy intent consideration (of ruminants) chewing (the cud); "ruminants have remarkable powers of rumination" regurgitation of small amounts of food; seen in some infants after feeding
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| rump |
hindquarters: the part of a quadruped that corresponds to the human buttocks fleshy hindquarters; behind the loin and above the round buttocks: the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on; "he deserves a good kick in the butt"; "are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?"
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| run |
move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time; "Don't run--you'll be out of breath"; "The children ran to the store" scat: flee; take to one's heels; cut and run; "If you see this man, run!"; "The burglars escaped before the police showed up" stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point; "Service runs all the way to Cranbury"; "His knowledge doesn't go very far"; "My memory extends back to my fourth year of life"; "The facts extend beyond a consideration of her personal assets" operate: direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.; "She is running a relief operation in the Sudan" have a particular form; "the story or argument runs as follows"; "as the saying goes..." move along, of liquids; "Water flowed into the cave"; "the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi" function: perform as expected when applied; "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in"; "Does this old car still run well?"; "This old radio doesn't work anymore" range: change or be different within limits; "Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion"; "Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent"; "The instruments ranged from tuba to cymbals"; "My students range from very bright to dull" campaign: run, stand, or compete for an office or a position; "Who's running for treasurer this year?" play: cause to emit recorded sounds; "They ran the tapes over and over again"; "Can you play my favorite record?" move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way; "who are these people running around in the building?"; "She runs around telling everyone of her troubles"; "let the dogs run free" tend: have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined; "She tends to be nervous before her lectures"; "These dresses run small"; "He inclined to corpulence" carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine; "Run the dishwasher"; "run a new program on the Mac"; "the computer executed the instruction" be operating, running or functioning; "The car is still running--turn it off!" change from one state to another; "run amok"; "run rogue"; "run riot" cause to perform; "run a subject"; "run a process" be affected by; be subjected to; "run a temperature"; "run a risk" prevail: continue to exist; "These stories die hard"; "The legend of Elvis endures" occur persistently; "Musical talent runs in the family" carry: include as the content; broadcast or publicize; "We ran the ad three times"; "This paper carries a restaurant review"; "All major networks carried the press conference" carry out; "run an errand" guide: guide or pass over something; "He ran his eyes over her body"; "She ran her fingers along the carved figurine"; "He drew her hair through his fingers" cause something to pass or lead somewhere; "Run the wire behind the cabinet" make without a miss deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor cause an animal to move fast; "run the dogs" a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely; "the Yankees scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th"; "their first tally came in the 3rd inning" test: the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" be diffused; "These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run" footrace: a race run on foot; "she broke the record for the half-mile run" sail before the wind cover by running; run a certain distance; "She ran 10 miles that day" streak: an unbroken series of events; "had a streak of bad luck"; "Nicklaus had a run of birdies" (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team; "the defensive line braced to stop the run"; "the coach put great emphasis on running" extend or continue for a certain period of time; "The film runs 5 hours" set animals loose to graze a regular trip; "the ship made its run in record time" keep company; "the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring" the act of running; traveling on foot at a fast pace; "he broke into a run"; "his daily run keeps him fit" the continuous period of time during which something (a machine or a factory) operates or continues in operation; "the assembly line was on a 12-hour run" run with the ball; in such sports as football unrestricted freedom to use; "he has the run of the house" travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means; "Run to the store!"; "She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there" ply: travel a route regularly; "Ships ply the waters near the coast" the production achieved during a continuous period of operation (of a machine or factory etc.); "a daily run of 100,000 gallons of paint" hunt: pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals); "Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland"; "The dogs are running deer"; "The Duke hunted in these woods" rivulet: a small stream race: compete in a race; "he is running the Marathon this year"; "let's race and see who gets there first" political campaign: a race between candidates for elective office; "I managed his campaign for governor"; "he is raising money for a Senate run" move: progress by being changed; "The speech has to go through several more drafts"; "run through your presentation before the meeting" a row of unravelled stitches; "she got a run in her stocking" melt: reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating; "melt butter"; "melt down gold"; "The wax melted in the sun" discharge: the pouring forth of a fluid an unbroken chronological sequence; "the play had a long run on Broadway"; "the team enjoyed a brief run of victories" ladder: come unraveled or undone as if by snagging; "Her nylons were running" a short trip; "take a run into town" become undone; "the sweater unraveled"
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| RU | the basic unit of money in Russia |
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| RU | a response of body tissues to injury or irritation |
| RU | category name |
| RU | a title or heading that is printed in red or in a special type |
| RU | a heading that names a statute or legislative bill |
| RU | an authoritative rule of conduct or procedure |
| RU | directions for the conduct of Christian church services (often printed in red in a prayer book) |
| RU | an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text |
| RU | adorn with ruby red color |
| RU | sign with a mark instead of a name |
| RU | decorate with letters painted red, of manuscripts |
| RU | furnish with rubrics or regulate by rubrics |