| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
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| AVNFH | avascular necrosis of the femoral head |
|---|---|
| DFE | diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia; distal femoral epiphysis |
| FA | false aneurysm; Families Anonymous; Fanconi anemia; far advanced; fatty acid; febrile antigen; femor... |
| FABF | femoral artery blood flow |
| FAC | familial adenomatosis coli; femoral arterial cannulation; ferric ammonium citrate; 5-fluorouracil, A... |
| anterior cutaneous nerves of abdomen | The ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T7-T11 (seventh to eleventh intercostal nerves), which supply the abdominal as well as the thoracic wall; innervate intercostal, subcostal, serratus posterior inferior, transversus abdominis, external and internal oblique, and rectus abdominis muscles, and provide sensory branches to the periphery of the diaphragm, and parietal pleura and peritoneum. Synonym: rami cutanei anteriores pectoralis et abdominalis nervorum intercostalium, ramus cutaneus anterior (pectoralis et abdominalis) nervorum thoracicorum, anterior cutaneous nerves of abdomen, pectoral and abdominal anterior cutaneous branch of intercostal nerves. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis | A form of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis, usually with a prolonged incubation period and confined to urban areas. Synonym: chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, dry cutaneous leishmaniasis, urban cutaneous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| candidiasis, cutaneous | Candidiasis of the skin manifested as eczema-like lesions of the interdigital spaces, perleche, or chronic paronychia. (12 Dec 1998) |
| vasculitis, allergic cutaneous | Vasculitis due to allergic reaction, marked by such cutaneous lesions as papules, macules, vesicles, urticarial wheals, purpura, and small ulcers, and accompanied by itching and usually a slight fever and malaise. (12 Dec 1998) |
| passive cutaneous anaphylaxis | An evanescent cutaneous reaction occurring when antibody is injected into a local area on the skin and antigen is subsequently injected intravenously along with a dye. The dye makes the rapidly occurring capillary dilatation and increased vascular permeability readily visible by leakage into the reaction site. Pca is a sensitive reaction for detecting very small quantities of antibodies and is also a method for studying the mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test | An animal is injected intradermally with antibody (usually IgE) and subsequently challenged intravenously with a mixture of antigen and Evans blue dye 24-48 hours later. A dark blue area indicates a positive reaction due to the leakage of the dye at the site of antigen-antibody reactions. (05 Mar 2000) |
| medial cutaneous branch | Nomina Anatomica lists medial cutaneous branch of the following: 1) dorsal branch of thoracic nerves, ramus cutaneus medialis ramorum dorsalium nervorum thoracicorum; 2) dorsal branch of posterior intercostal arteries, ramus cutaneus medialis rami dorsalis arteriarum intercostalium posteriorum III-XI. Synonym: ramus cutaneus medialis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pectoral and abdominal anterior cutaneous branch of intercostal nerves | The ventral primary rami of spinal nerves T7-T11 (seventh to eleventh intercostal nerves), which supply the abdominal as well as the thoracic wall; innervate intercostal, subcostal, serratus posterior inferior, transversus abdominis, external and internal oblique, and rectus abdominis muscles, and provide sensory branches to the periphery of the diaphragm, and parietal pleura and peritoneum. Synonym: rami cutanei anteriores pectoralis et abdominalis nervorum intercostalium, ramus cutaneus anterior (pectoralis et abdominalis) nervorum thoracicorum, anterior cutaneous nerves of abdomen, pectoral and abdominal anterior cutaneous branch of intercostal nerves. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis | A form of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis, usually with a prolonged incubation period and confined to urban areas. Synonym: chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, dry cutaneous leishmaniasis, urban cutaneous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rural cutaneous leishmaniasis | A form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterised by rural distribution of human cases near infected rodents, particularly communal ground squirrels; characterised by acute rapidly developing dermal lesions that become severely inflamed, with moist necrotizing sores or ulcers that heal in two to eight months after a two to four month incubation period; among nonimmune immigrants, multiple lesions may develop, which heal more slowly and leave disabling or disfiguring scars. A strong delayed hypersensitivity and involvement of immune complexes play a role in necrosis, which is part of the healing process and of the strong specific immunity that follows. Synonym: acute cutaneous leishmaniasis, rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, wet cutaneous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| wet cutaneous leishmaniasis | A form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterised by rural distribution of human cases near infected rodents, particularly communal ground squirrels; characterised by acute rapidly developing dermal lesions that become severely inflamed, with moist necrotizing sores or ulcers that heal in two to eight months after a two to four month incubation period; among nonimmune immigrants, multiple lesions may develop, which heal more slowly and leave disabling or disfiguring scars. A strong delayed hypersensitivity and involvement of immune complexes play a role in necrosis, which is part of the healing process and of the strong specific immunity that follows. Synonym: acute cutaneous leishmaniasis, rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, wet cutaneous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cutaneous | <dermatology> Pertaining to the skin, dermal, dermic. Origin: L. Cutis = skin (21 May 1997) |
| cutaneous absorption | The absorption of drugs, allergens, and other substances through unbroken skin. Synonym: cutaneous absorption. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cutaneous albinism | An autosomal dominant condition characterised by patterned loss of skin pigment on extremities and ventral thorax; a white forelock is often present, but no ocular findings. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cutaneous ancylostomiasis | Cutaneous larva migrans caused by larvae of hookworms. Synonym: ancylostoma dermatitis, ancylostomiasis cutis, coolie itch, dew itch, ground itch, swamp itch, swimmer's itch, toe itch, water itch, water sore. (05 Mar 2000) |