| ATS | Achard-Thiers syndrome; acid test solution; alpha-D-tocopherol acid succinate; American Thoracic Soc... |
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| BA | Bachelor of Arts; backache; bacterial agglutination; basilar artery; basion; benzyladenine; best amp... |
| BAO-MAO | basal acid output to maximal acid output [ratio] |
| cDNA | circular deoxyribonucleic acid; complementary deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DPA | D-penicillamine; Department of Public Assistance; diphenylalanine; dipicolinic acid; dipropylacetic ... |
| Tanner growth chart | A series of chart's showing distribution of parameters of physical development, such as stature, growth curves, and skinfold thickness, for children by sex, age, and stages of puberty. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| T-cell growth factor | <cytokine> A hormone-like substance released by stimulated T lymphocytes, causes activation and differentiation of other T lymphocytes independently of antigen. A type of interleukin, a chemical messenger, a substance that can improve the body's response to disease. It stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. It is secreted by Thl CD4 cells to stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T-1yrnphocytes. Interleukin 2 also increases the proliferation and maturation of the CD4 cells themselves. During HIV infection, Interleukin-2 production gradually declines. Use of interleukin 2 therapy is under study as a way to raise CD4 cell counts and restore immune function. Acronym: IL-2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| T-cell growth factor-1 | <cytokine> A hormone-like substance released by stimulated T lymphocytes, causes activation and differentiation of other T lymphocytes independently of antigen. A type of interleukin, a chemical messenger, a substance that can improve the body's response to disease. It stimulates the growth of certain disease-fighting blood cells in the immune system. It is secreted by Thl CD4 cells to stimulate CD8 cytotoxic T-1yrnphocytes. Interleukin 2 also increases the proliferation and maturation of the CD4 cells themselves. During HIV infection, Interleukin-2 production gradually declines. Use of interleukin 2 therapy is under study as a way to raise CD4 cell counts and restore immune function. Acronym: IL-2 (12 Dec 1998) |
| T-cell growth factor-2 | <cytokine> A soluble cytokine factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that promotes antibody production by causing proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast cell lines, and several other haematopoietic lineage cells including granulocyte, megakaryocyte, and erythroid precursors, as well as macrophages. Acronym: IL-4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| transforming growth factor | <growth factor> Proteins secreted by transformed cells that can stimulate growth of normal cells. Unfortunate misnomer, since they induce aspects of transformed phenotype, such as growth in semi solid agar, but do not actually transform. Transforming growth factor alpha, 50 amino acid polypeptide originally isolated from viral transformed rodent cells, contains EGF like domain and binds to EGF receptor. Stimulates growth of microvascular endothelial cells, i.e. Is angiogenic. Transforming growth factor beta a homodimer of two 112 chains, polypeptide is secreted by many different cell types, stimulates wound healing but in vitro is also a growth inhibitor for certain cell types. The transforming growth factor family includes many of the bone morphogenetic proteins. Acronym: TGF (18 Nov 1997) |
| transforming growth factor alpha | Factor isolated in a variety of tissues including epithelium, and maternal decidua. It is closely related to epidermal growth factor (epidermal growth factor-urogasterone) and binds to the egf receptor. Tgf-alpha acts synergistically with tgf-beta in inducing phenotypic transformation, but its physiological role is unknown. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transforming growth factor beta | Factor synthesised in a wide variety of tissues including platelets, placenta, and both normal and transformed cell lines. It acts synergistically with tgf-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. Tgf-beta also has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. There are at least three forms of tgf-beta: tgf-beta1, tgf-beta2, and tgf-beta1.2. The latter is a heterodimer made up of both tgf-beta1 and tgf-beta2. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transforming growth factors | <chemical> Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumour-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, transforming growth factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta. Chemical name: Animal growth regulators, transforming growth factors (12 Dec 1998) |
| endothelial growth factors | These growth factors are soluble mitogens secreted by a variety of organs. The factors are a mixture of two single chain polypeptides which have affinity to heparin. Their molecular weight are organ and species dependent. They have mitogenic and chemotactic effects and can stimulate endothelial cells to grow and synthesise DNA. The factors are related to both the basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors but have different amino acid sequences. (12 Dec 1998) |
| endothelium-derived growth factor synthase | <enzyme> Converts l-arginine to a smooth muscle relaxing factor and stimulates the formation of cyclic-GMP Registry number: EC 1.5.1.- Synonym: edrf synthase (26 Jun 1999) |
| epidermal growth factor | <growth factor> A mitogenic polypeptide initially isolated from male mouse submaxillary gland. The name refers to the early bioassay, but epidermal growth factor is active on a variety of cell types, especially but not exclusively epithelial. Human equivalent originally named urogastrone owing to its hormone activity. Acronym: EGF (18 Nov 1997) |
| epidermal growth factor receptor protein-tyrosine kinase | <enzyme> The catalytic protein-tyrosine kinase domain found on the cytoplasmic beta-portion of epidermal growth factor receptor. Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| epidermal growth factor-urogastrone | <chemical> Single chain, nonhelical, acidic polypeptides of about 52 amino acids found in most mammals. Epidermal growth factor and urogastrone are not identical but seem to share biological acivities. They promote growth of, and cell proliferation in, certain tissues, especially epidermal structures and inhibit acid secretion by the stomach. They have been used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. Chemical name: Epidermal growth factor (12 Dec 1998) |
| excess annual growth | The amount by which new forest growth exceeds removal in a year. The annual quantity of wood produced in a forest in excess of market demand. (05 Dec 1998) |
| exponential growth | <biology> A rate of growth of an organism, a part of an organism, or a population of organisms which, when graphed, produces an exponential or logarithmic curve. Such a rate occurs, for example: during the exponential growth phase, when a population of bacterial (or other) cells divide at a constant rate so that the total number of cells doubles with each division. (09 Oct 1997) |