| glycoconjugates | Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| glycocorticoid | <pharmacology> Corticosteroid substances (drugs or hormones) that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism by promoting gluconeogenesis and the formation of glycogen at the expense of lipid and protein synthesis. They are steroid based and possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Glucocorticoids are also produced normally by the adrenal cortex and provide for the response to stress. Examples include: prednisolone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, betamethasone and dexamethasone. (29 Sep 1997) |
| glycocyamine | HN==C(NH2)NH-CH2COOH; 2-guanidinoacetic acid;formed by the transfer of the amidine group from l-arginine to glycine. Synonym: glucocyamine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycodeoxycholic acid | <chemical> N-(3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oyl)glycine. A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilise fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. Pharmacological action: cholagogues and choleretics. Chemical name: Glycine, N-((3alpha,5beta,12alpha)-3,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycogelatin | A preparation made of equal parts of gelatin and glycerin; a firm mass liquefying at gentle heat; it is used as a vehicle for suppositories and urethral bougies. Synonym: glycerin jelly, glycerogelatin, glycogelatin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycogen | <biochemistry> Branched polymer of D glucose (mostly _(1-4) linked, but some _(1-6) at branch points). Size range very variable, up to 10exp5 glucose units. Major short term storage polymer of animal cells and is particularly abundant in the liver and to a lesser extent in muscle. In the electron microscope glycogen has a characteristic asterisk or star appearance. (18 Nov 1997) |
| glycogen debranching enzyme system | 1,4-alpha-d-glucan-1,4-alpha-d-glucan 4-alpha-d-glucosyltransferase/dextrin 6 alpha-d-glucanohydrolase. An enzyme system having both 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (ec 2.4.1.25) and amylo-1,6-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.33) activities. As a transferase it transfers a segment of a 1,4-alpha-d-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or another 1,4-alpha-d-glucan. As a glucosidase it catalyses the endohydrolysis of 1,6-alpha-d-glucoside linkages at points of branching in chains of 1,4-linked alpha-d-glucose residues. Amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity is deficient in glycogen storage disease type III. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycogen granule | Glycogen occurring in cells as beta granule's which average about 300 A |
| glycogen phosphorylase | <enzyme> Enzyme that catalyses the sequential removal of glycosyl residues from glycogen to yield one glucose-1-phosphate per reaction. Its activity is controlled by phosphorylation (by phosphorylase kinase). (21 Jun 2000) |
| glycogen storage disease | <hepatology> A group of inherited metabolic disorders involving the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of glycogen. In some patients, prominent liver involvement is presented. In others, more generalised storage of glycogen occurs, sometimes with prominent cardiac involvement. Synonym: glycogenosis (12 Sep 2002) |
| glycogen storage disease type I | <disease> An autosomal recessive disease in which gene expression of glucose-6-phosphatase is absent, resulting in hypoglycaemia due to lack of glucose production. Accumulation of glycogen in liver and kidney leads to organomegaly, particularly massive hepatomegaly. Increased concentrations of lactic acid and hyperlipidemia appear in the plasma. Clinical gout often appears in early childhood. Inheritance: autosomal recessive. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycogen storage disease type II | <disease> Glycogenosis due to alpha-1,4-glucosidase (acid maltase) deficiency. It affects muscle, heart, and other organs. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycogen storage disease type III | <disease> An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to deficient expression of amylo-1,6-glucosidase (one part of the glycogen debranching enzyme system). The clinical course of the disease is similar to that of glycogen storage disease type I, but milder. Massive hepatomegaly, which is present in young children, diminishes and occasionally disappears with age. Levels of glycogen with short outer branches are elevated in muscle, liver, and erythrocytes. Six subgroups have been identified, with subgroups type IIIa and type IIIb being the most prevalent. Inheritance: autosomal recessive (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycogen storage disease type IV | <disease> An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to a deficiency in expression of branching enzyme (alpha-1,4-glucan-6-alpha-glucosyltransferase), resulting in an accumulation of abnormal glycogen with long outer branches. Clinical features are muscle hypotonia and cirrhosis. Death from liver disease usually occurs before age 2. Inheritance: autosomal recessive (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycogen storage disease type V | <disease> Glycogenosis due to muscle phosphorylase deficiency. Characterised by painful cramps following sustained exercise. Inheritance: autosomal recessive (12 Dec 1998) |
Synonyms : Acid, Glycodeoxycholic, Deoxycholate, Glycine
Synonyms :
Synonyms : Debranching Enzyme, Glycogen, Enzyme, Glycogen Debranching, Transfer Glucosidase
Synonyms : Phosphorylase ab, Phosphorylase, Glycogen
Synonyms : Glycogen Phosphorylase a, Brain Form, Glycogen Phosphorylase b, Brain Form
| glycan |
A polymer that consists of several monosaccharide residues (polysaccharide). In the case of GPI-anchored proteins, the basic unit is composed of glucosamine and three mannose residues.
출처: www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v6/n3/glossary/nrm1593_...
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| glycosylation |
The post-translational addition of carbohydrate groups to a molecule. Glycosylation of proteins occurs via the amide group within the sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr (or through the hydroxyl of the serine or threonine residue in the sequence); the product is a gly
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~G.html
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| glycopeptide |
A protein with covently bound carbohydrates.
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~G.html
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| glycan |
A polysaccharide consisting of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages.
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~G.html
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| glycation |
A non-enzymatic reaction that adds a carbohydrate group to a protein or peptide.
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~G.html
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