| oesophageal cancer | Cancer of the oesophagus (the swallowing tube that passes from the throat to the stomach). The risk of cancer of the oesophagus is increased by long-term irritation of the oesophagus such as with smoking, heavy alcohol intake, and Barrett's oesophagitis. Cancer of the oesophagus can cause difficulty and pain with swallowing solid food. Diagnosis of oesophageal cancer can be made by barium X-ray of the oesophagus, and confirmed by endoscopy with biopsy of the cancer tissue. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| oral cancer | Cancer within the mouth. Please see MedicineNet site on ral cancer for more information. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ovarian cancer | <gynaecology, oncology> A malignant tumour of the ovary is the leading cause of death from gynaecologic malignancies. Often diagnosed in later stages, symptoms include abdominal pain, increasing abdominal girth and abnormal uterine bleeding. Birth control pill use is thought to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. (05 Jan 1998) |
| telangiectatic cancer | A cancer with numerous dilated capillaries and "lakes" of blood within relatively large endothelium-lined channels. (05 Mar 2000) |
| testicular cancer | <oncology> A malignant growth that arises from a glandular cell in the testis. Common symptoms include a painless testicular mass in a male between the ages of 15 and 35 years. Monthly self-examinations are recommended in those between the ages of 15 and 39 years of age. (13 Jan 1998) |
| early stage breast cancer | <oncology> Cancer is confined to the breast and has not spread to other sites in the body. (16 Dec 1997) |
| thyroid cancer | <oncology> A form of cancer that can occur in all age groups, particularly those who have had exposure to radiation. Papillary carcinoma is the most common form of thyroid malignancy and usually affects women of child-bearing age. Symptoms include neck swelling, goitre, horse voice, cough, haemoptysis, diarrhoea and constipation. Follicular carcinoma occurs with increased frequency in those who have had radiation exposure to the neck. Other risk factors include a family history of thyroid disease and history for goitre. Follicular carcinoma constitutes about 30% of all thyroid cancers. It has a greater rate of recurrence and metastasis than that of papillary carcinoma (the most common form of thyroid cancer). Symptoms include enlargement of the thyroid gland or neck swelling, change in voice, cough (occasionally bloody) and diarrhoea. Papillary carcinoma is the most common thyroid cancer and usually affects women of child-bearing age. Incidence: approximately in 1 in 1,000. (02 Jan 1998) |
| encephaloid cancer | An obsolete term for medullary carcinoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| epidermoid cancer | A type of lung cancer in which the cells are flat and look like fish scales. Also called squamous cell carcinoma. (12 Dec 1998) |
| epithelial cancer | Any malignant neoplasm originating from epithelium, i.e., a carcinoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| kangri cancer | A carcinoma of the skin of the thigh or abdomen in certain Indian or Chinese workers; thought to result from irritation by heat from a hot brick oven (kang) or fire basket (kangri). Synonym: kangri burn carcinoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| familial breast cancer | <oncology> A number of factors have been identified that increase the risk of breast cancer. One of the strongest of these risk factors is the history of breast cancer in a relative. About15-20% of women with breast cancer have such a family history of the disease, clearly reflecting the participation of inherited (genetic) components in the development of some breast cancers. Dominant breast cancer suceptibility genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, appear responsible for about 5% of all breast cancer. See related entries to: Breast cancer susceptibility genes; BRCA1; BRCA2. There are 2 genes; BRCA1 and BRCA2 which are susceptibility genes for breast cancer. They are inherited factors that predispose to breast cancer. Put otherwise, these genes make one more susceptible to the disease and so increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified (and prominently publicised). Several other genes (those for the li-fraumeni syndrome, cowden disease, muir-torre syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia) are also known to predispose to breast cancer. However, since all of these known breast cancer susceptibility genes together do not account for more than a minor fraction (1/5th at most) of breast cancer that clusters in families, it is clear that more breast cancer genes remain to be discovered. (12 Dec 1998) |
| familial cancer | <oncology> One occurring in families more frequently than would be expected by chance. (09 Oct 1997) |
| uterine cancer | A malignant growth of the uterus (womb). A common symptom includes the onset of vaginal bleeding after menopause. (27 Sep 1997) |
| follicular cancer of the thyroid | <oncology, tumour> A cancer of the thyroid gland that occurs with increased frequency in those who have had radiation exposure to the neck. Other risk factors include a family history of thyroid disease and history for goitre. Follicular carcinoma constitutes about 30% of all thyroid cancers. It has a greater rate of recurrence and metastasis than that of papillary carcinoma (the most common form of thyroid cancer). Symptoms include enlargement of the thyroid gland or neck swelling, change in voice, cough (occasionally bloody) and diarrhoea. (12 Nov 1997) |