| AHD | acquired hepatocerebral degeneration; acute heart disease; antihyaluronidase; antihypertensive drug;... |
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| AL | absolute latency; acinar lumen; acute leukemia; adaptation level; albumin; alcoholism [and other dru... |
| AMA-DE | American Medical Association Drug Evaluation |
| AMSAODD | American Medical Society on Alcoholism and Other Drug Dependencies |
| ANDA | Abbreviated New Drug Application |
| drug withdrawal | A clinical syndrome of psychological, and, sometimes physical factors that result from the sustained use of a particular drug when the drug is abruptly withdrawn. Symptoms are variable but may include anxiety, nervousness, irritability, sweating, nausea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, rapid breathing and seizures. (27 Sep 1997) |
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| dyskinesia, drug-induced | Abnormal movements induced as an adverse reaction of drug therapy. One particular movement disorder is the "on-off" effect. Tardive dyskinesia differs from akathisia, drug-induced in the repetitive nature of the movements rather than being associated with anxiety, restlessness, and agitation found in akathisia. (12 Dec 1998) |
| instillation, drug | The administration of therapeutic agents drop by drop, as eye drops, ear drops, or nose drops. It is also administered into a body space or cavity through a catheter. It differs from irrigation in that the irrigate is removed within minutes, but the instillate is left in place. (12 Dec 1998) |
| investigational new drug | Status given an experimental drug after the FDA approves an application for testing it in people. (09 Oct 1997) |
| investigational new drug application | An application that must be submitted to a regulatory agency (the FDA in the united states) before a drug can be studied in humans. This application includes results of previous experiments; how, where, and by whom the new studies will be conducted; the chemical structure of the compound; how it is thought to work in the body; any toxic effects found in animal studies; and how the compound is manufactured. (12 Dec 1998) |
| orphan drug | A pharmaceutical that has been abandoned or neglected during its development because it is seen as having only a limited potential for profit. Often a drug which only has a limited target population or which treats a rare disease, thus limiting its financial potential. (09 Oct 1997) |
| orphan drug act | Law giving incentives to companies developing a drug for a rare disease. The act gives the developer of the first drug of any one type a 7-year exclusive right to market the new drug. (14 Nov 1997) |
| orphan drug production | Production of drugs or biologicals which are unlikely to be manufactured by private industry unless special incentives are provided by others. (12 Dec 1998) |
| targeted drug delivery | Delivering a drug to a specific site in the body where it has the greatest effect, instead of allowing it to diffuse to various sites, where it may cause damage or trigger side effects. (14 Nov 1997) |
| united states food and drug administration | An agency of the public health service concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fixed drug eruption | A type of drug eruption that recurs at a fixed site (or sites) following the administration of a particular drug; the lesions usually consist of intensely erythematous and purplish, sharply demarcated macules, and occasionally of herpetic vesicles; the affected areas undergo gradual involution, but flare and enlarge on readministration of the offending drug and may become hyperpigmented. Iodine eruption, an acneform or follicular eruption or granulomatous lesion caused by a reaction to systemic iodine or iodide administration. Kaposi's varicelliform eruption, a now rare complication of vaccinia superimposed on atopic dermatitis, with generalised vesicles and vesicopapules and high fever. Synonym: eczema vaccinatum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| food and drug administration | The U.S. Agency responsible for regulation of biotechnology foodproducts. The major laws under which the agency has regulatory powersinclude the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic act, and the Public Health Service Act. (09 Oct 1997) |
| food-drug interactions | The pharmacological result, either desirable or undesirable, of drugs interacting with components of the diet. (12 Dec 1998) |
| legislation, drug | Laws concerned with manufacturing, dispensing, and marketing of drugs. (12 Dec 1998) |