| alcohol | <chemical> An organic chemical containing one or more hydroxyl groups. Alcohols can be liquids, semisolids or solids at room temperature. Common alcohols include ethanol (the type found in alcoholic beverages) methanol (found in methylated spirit and can cause blindness and other nervous system damage if ingested) and propanol. (06 May 1997) |
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| alcohol acid | A group of compounds that contain both the carboxyl and hydroxy radicals; e.g., glycolic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alcohol addiction | <disease> A disorder characterised by pathological pattern of alcohol use that causes a serious impairment in social or occupational functioning. In DSN III R this is termed alcohol abuse or, if tolerance or withdrawal is present, alcohol dependence. (18 Nov 1997) |
| alcohol amnestic disorder | <psychiatry> A mental disorder with brain damage characterised by amnesia, compensatory confabulation, disturbance of attention, and peripheral neuritis. It is usually associated with alcoholism and dietary deficiencies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| alcohol amnestic syndrome | <syndrome> An amnestic syndrome resulting from alcoholism; alcoholic "blackouts." Cf.: Korsakoff's syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alcohol dehydrogenase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the final step of alcoholic fermentation by reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol. In the case of ethanol, acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen. The enzyme is a zinc protein which acts on primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals. Chemical name: Alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase Registry number: EC 1.1.1.1 (12 Dec 1998) |
| alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) | An oxidoreductase that reversibly converts primary alcohols to aldehydes with an H acceptor other than NADP+. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) | An oxidoreductase reversibly converting alcohols to aldehydes (or ketones) with NAD(P)+ as H acceptor. Synonym: aldehyde reductase, DPNH aldehyde transhydrogenase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alcohol deterrents | Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism. (12 Dec 1998) |
| alcohol diuresis | Diuresis following the ingestion of alcoholic beverages; due, in part, to inhibition of the output of antidiuretic hormone by the neurohypophysis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alcohol drinking | Behaviours associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking. (12 Dec 1998) |
| alcohol - NDMA oxidoreductase | <enzyme> Nicotinoprotein from amycolatopsis methanolica; does not react with exogenous NADP(h) Registry number: EC 1.1.99.- Synonym: 4-nitroso-n,n-dimethylaniline alcohol oxidoreductase, ndma-adh (26 Jun 1999) |
| alcohol - N, N'-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline oxidoreductase | <enzyme> A group III alcohol oxidoreductase from rhodococcus sp, amycolatopsis methanolica and mycobacterium gastri; genbank u21071 Registry number: EC 1.1.99.- Synonym: thce gene product, thce protein, methanol - ndma oxidoreductase (26 Jun 1999) |
| alcohol oxidoreductases | <enzyme> A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99). Registry number: EC 1.1 (12 Dec 1998) |
| alcohol, pregnancy | The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy carries the danger of damaging the foetus. (12 Dec 1998) |