| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 | A rare syndrome characterised by hyperplasia and/or neoplasms of the pituitary, parathyroid glands, and pancreatic islets. Hyperparathyroidism occurs in 90% of the cases and is usually the first manifestation of the syndrome. The most frequent pancreatic manifestation is gastrinoma typically leading to zollinger-ellison syndrome. The appearance of this condition has been limited to the loss of allelic heterozygosity at the 11q13 locus on the long arm of chromosome 11. Patients overall exhibit long survival times. Chemotherapy is rare and surgical management is generally dependent on the genetic expression in individual patients. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 | <syndrome> This is a hereditary disorder in which two or more of the following glands: thyroid, adrenal or parathyroid, develop overgrowth (hyperplasia) or malignant cells (cancer). The underlying cause is genetic and a positive family history for this illness is a risk factor. Incidence: approximately 3 in 100,000 people in the general population. (27 Sep 1997) |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a | A type of multiple endocrine neoplasia characterised by a virtually 100% incidence of medullary thyroid carcinoma, a 50% incidence of pheochromocytoma, and a lesser incidence of parathyroid adenomas associated with hyperparathyroidism. The condition is always transmitted through autosomal dominant inheritance. Genetic testing can identify individuals with the trait in early infancy. Treatment is usually excision of the enlarged parathyroid glands. (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b | A type of multiple endocrine neoplasia occurring as an isolated congenital presentation or as a distinct autosomal dominant disease. It is characterised by the 100% incidence of medullary thyroid carcinoma and frequent pheochromocytomas; patients seldom exhibit hyperparathyroidism. It is distinguished from men 2a by its characteristic physical appearance resulting from numerous neural defects including mucosal neuromas of the eyelids, lips, and tongue. The neural abnormalities also include widespread neurogangliomatosis of the gastrointestinal tract leading to abnormal gut motility. Treatment usually requires total thyroidectomy following evaluation for the presence of pheochromocytomas. (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple lipoprotein-type hyperlipidaemia | <biochemistry> Inherited as a defective gene, this disorder is characterised by elevations in serum cholesterol and/or triglycerides. There are often multiple types of lipoproteins (LDL) elevated in one family. This condition is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (27 Sep 1997) |
| contact-type dermatitis | Dermatitis resembling contact dermatitis or eczema, but caused by an ingested or injected allergen, usually a drug, and with a widespread or generalised distribution. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Cowdry's type A inclusion bodies | Droplet-like masses of acidophilic material surrounded by clear halos within nuclei, with margination of chromatin on the nuclear membrane. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Cowdry's type B inclusion bodies | Droplet-like masses of acidophilic material surrounded by clear halos within nuclei, without other nuclear changes during early stages of development of the inclusion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| habitat type | <ecology> A land or aquatic unit, consisting of an aggregation of habitats having equivalent structure, function, and responses to disturbance. (09 Oct 1997) |
| haemadsorption virus type 1 | parainfluenza virus type 3 |
| haemadsorption virus type 2 | parainfluenza virus type 1 |
| C type lectin | <cell biology> One of two classes of lectin produced by animal cells, the other being the S type. The C type lectins require disulphide linked cysteines and Ca ions in order to bind to a specific carbohydrate (c.f. S type lectins). The carbohydrate recognition domain of C type lectins consists of about 130 amino acids which contains 18 invariant residues in a highly conserved pattern. These invariant residues include cysteines which probably form disulphide bonds. So far, all identified C type lectins are extracellular proteins and include both Integral membrane proteins, such as the asialoglycoprotein receptor and soluble proteins. (06 Aug 1998) |
| C type virus | <molecular biology, virology> Originally C type particles identified in mouse tumour tissue and later shown to be oncogenic RNA viruses Oncovirinae) that bud from the plasma membrane of the host cell starting as a characteristic electron dense crescent. Include feline leukaemia virus, murine leukaemia and sarcoma viruses. (18 Nov 1997) |
| haemophilus influenzae type b | The majority of type b isolates are from biotype I. The organism can cause life-threatening meningitis, primarily in children 6-12 months of age. Children with underlying disease or immunodeficiency are also at high risk for infection. A vaccine is available and recommended for children under 5 years of age. (12 Dec 1998) |
| haemophilus influenzae type b immunization | See HIB immunization, (12 Dec 1998) |