| MES | maintenance electrolyte solution; maximal electroshock; maximal electroshock seizures; myoelectric s... |
|---|---|
| MHD | maintenance hemodialysis; mean hemolytic dose; mental health department; minimum hemolytic dilution;... |
| MM | macromolecule; Maelzels metronome; major medical [insurance]; malignant melanoma; manubrium to malle... |
| MMATP | methadone maintenance and aftercare treatment program |
| MMTP | methadone maintenance treatment program |
| drug residues | Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| drug resistance | The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to withstand a drug to which they were once sensitive (and were once stalled or killed outright). (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug resistance, microbial | The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through plasmids containing resistance factors (r factors). (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug resistance, multiple | Simultaneous resistance to a broad spectrum of structurally and functionally distinct drugs following exposure to a single agent. It is thought to result from the overexpression of genes encoding an integral plasma membrane protein, p-glycoprotein. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug resistance, neoplasm | Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug resistant | Unresponsive to the desired effects of drugs or other therapy for example: irradiation cytotoxic agents or hormones. Drug resistance of cells within tumours is probably the major cause of treatment failure. (16 Dec 1997) |
| drug screening | Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug screening assays, antitumour | Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumour growth parameters in laboratory animals. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug side effect | An often undesirable effect that occurs in association with the use of a particular medication. Examples of common drug side effects include: nausea, vomiting, sedation, dizziness, headache and weakness. Drug side effects that occur in 1% or more, of patients taking a particular medication are considered to be causally related to the use of that medication. (27 Sep 1997) |
| drug tetanus | Tonic spasms caused by strychnine or other tetanic. Synonym: toxic tetanus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| drug, tocolytic | A medication that can inhibit labour, slow down or halt the contractions of the uterus. Tocolytic agents are widely used today to treat premature labour and permit pregnancy to procede and so permit the foetus to gain in size and maturity before being born. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug tolerance | Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from drug resistance wherein a human, animal, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug toxicity | The systemic effects of a drug that are related to the overall level of the medication in the bloodstream. Drug toxicity may occur with overdosage of a medication, accumulation of the drug in the body over time or the inability of the patients body to eliminate the drug. (27 Sep 1997) |
| drug utilization | The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles. (12 Dec 1998) |
| drug utilization review | Formal programs for assessing drug prescription against some standard. Drug utilization review may consider clinical appropriateness, cost effectiveness, and, in some cases, outcomes. Review is usually retrospective, but some analysis may be done before drugs are dispensed (as in computer systems which advise physicians when prescriptions are entered). Drug utilization review is mandated for medicaid programs beginning in 1993. (12 Dec 1998) |