| genes, MHC class II | Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific antigens. The genes are found in the HLA-d region in humans and in the I region in mice. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| genes, mos | Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (mos) originally isolated from the moloney murine sarcoma virus (mo-msv). The proto-oncogene mos (c-mos) codes for a protein which is a member of the serine kinase family. There is no evidence as yet that human c-mos can become transformed or has a role in human cancer. However, in mice, activation can occur when the retrovirus-like intracisternal a-particle inserts itself near the c-mos sequence. The human c-mos gene is located at 8q22 on the long arm of chromosome 8. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, myc | Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (myc) originally isolated from an avian myelocytomatosis virus. The proto-oncogene myc (c-myc) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Truncation of the first exon, which appears to regulate c-myc expression, is crucial for tumourigenicity. The human c-myc gene is located at 8q24 on the long arm of chromosome 8. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, nef | DNA sequences that form the coding region for a protein that down-regulates the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Nef is short for negative factor. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, neurofibromatosis 1 | Tumour suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 17 in the region 17q11.2. Mutation of these genes is thought to cause neurofibromatosis 1. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, neurofibromatosis 2 | Tumour suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 22. Mutation or loss of these genes causes neurofibromatosis 2. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, nitrogen fixation | Regulatory and structural genes present in certain bacteria, algae and fungi that control the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into biologically usable compounds; include nif structural genes (e.g., nifd, nifh) for nitrogenase and nitrate reductase as well as regulator genes nifa, nifb, ntra, ntrb, ntrc. Some are responsible for regulating transcription of genes involved in the assimilation of poor nitrogen sources in enteric bacteria. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, overlapping | Genes whose nucleotide sequences overlap to some degree. The overlapped sequences may involve structural or regulatory genes of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, p16 | Tumour suppressor genes located on human chromosome 9 in the region 9p21. This gene is either deleted or mutated in a wide range of malignancies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, p53 | Tumour suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, pol | DNA sequences that form the coding region for retroviral enzymes including reverse transcriptase, protease, and endonuclease/integrase. "pol" is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of reverse transcriptase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, protozoan | The genetic material of protozoa. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, px | DNA sequences that form the coding region for at least three proteins which regulate the expression of HTLV-I and HTLV-II. The proteins are p21(x), p27(rex), and p40(tax). The tax (trans-activator x) and rex (regulator x) genes are part of px but are in overlapping reading frames. X was the original designation for the sequences or region (at that time of unknown function) in the long open reading frame (lor) which is now called px. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, rag-1 | Genes involved in activating the enzyme vdj recombinase. Rag-1 is located on chromosome 11 in humans (chromosome 2 in mice) and is expressed exclusively in maturing lymphocytes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, ras | Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from harvey (h-ras, ha-ras, rash) and kirsten (k-ras, ki-ras, rask) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both h-ras and k-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related n-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein. (12 Dec 1998) |