| CAH | 1) Chronic Active Hepatitis 2) Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia |
|---|---|
| AFH | angiofollicular hyperplasia; anterior facial height |
| AFLNH | angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia |
| ALH | angiolymphoid hyperplasia; anterior lobe hormone; anterior lobe of hypophysis |
| ALHE | angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia |
| focal distance | The distance from the centre of a lens to its focus. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| focal embolic glomerulonephritis | Glomerulonephritis associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis, frequently producing microscopic haematuria without azotemia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal epilepsy | Epilepsy of various aetiologies characterised by focal seizures or secondarily generalised tonic-clonic seizures. Ictal symptoms are often related to the brain region where the seizure begins focally. Synonym: cortical epilepsy, local epilepsy, partial epilepsy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal gallbladder wall thickening | <radiology> Primary gall bladder carcinoma, adenomyomatosis / hyperplastic cholecystosis, adenomatous polyps, papillary adenomas, metastatic nodules, cholesterol polyps (associated with acoustic shadowing), metachromatic leukodystrophy (rare!) See also: diffuse thickening (12 Dec 1998) |
| focal gigantism | <radiology> Neurofibromatosis, AVM, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, Parks-Davis syndrome, haemangioma, JRA (12 Dec 1998) |
| focal glomerulonephritis | Glomerulonephritis affecting a small proportion of renal glomeruli which commonly presents with haematuria and may be associated with acute upper respiratory infection in young males, not usually due to streptococci; associated with IgA deposits in the glomerular mesangium and may also be associated with systemic disease, as in Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Synonym: Berger's disease, Berger's focal glomerulonephritis, focal nephritis, IgA nephropathy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal illumination | Illumination in which a beam of light is directed diagonally to an object so that it is brilliantly illuminated while the surrounding area is in shadow. Synonym: lateral illumination, oblique illumination. Kohler illumination, a method of illumination of microscopic objects in which the image of the light source is focused on the substage condenser diaphragm and the diaphragm of the light source is focused in the same plane with the object to be observed; maximises both the brightness and uniformity of the illuminated field. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal infection | An old term which distinguishes local infection's (focal) from generalised infection's (sepsis). (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal infection, dental | Secondary or systemic infections due to dissemination throughout the body of microorganisms whose primary focus of infection lies in the periodontal tissues. (12 Dec 1998) |
| focal interval | The distance between the anterior and posterior focal points of the eye. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal length | <microscopy> The distance from the optical centre of the lens to the focal point<microscopy> The focal length of an objective and its working distance are directly proportional. (05 Aug 1998) |
| focal lymphocytic thyroiditis | Focal infiltration of the thyroid by lymphocytes and plasma cells. See: Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal metastatic disease | Presence of a single area of metastasis of a malignant tumour or infection distant from the primary lesion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal motor seizure | A simple partial seizure with localised motor activity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| focal necrosis | Occurrence of numerous, relatively small or tiny, fairly well-circumscribed, usually spheroidal portions of tissue that manifest coagulative, caseous, or gummatous necrosis and are characteristically associated with agents that are haematogenously disseminated; frequently observed only in histologic sections, but the foci may be as large as 1 to 3 mm and macroscopically visible; arbitrarily, foci larger than that are usually not termed focal necrosis. (05 Mar 2000) |