| AE | above-elbow [amputation]; acrodermatitis enteropathica; activation energy; adult erythrocyte; advers... |
|---|---|
| AEF | allogenic effect factor; amyloid enhancing factor; aorto-enteric fistula |
| CE | California encephalitis; cardiac enlargement; cardioesophageal; carotid endarterectomy; catamenial e... |
| CPE | cardiac pulmonary edema; chronic pulmonary emphysema; clinical progress exercise; compensation, pens... |
| CRE | cumulative radiation effect; cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element |
| enhancement effect | Property of higher plant photosynthesis, discovered by Robert Emerson. The quantum yield of red light (less than 680nm) and far red light (700nm), when shone simultaneously on a plant, is greater than the sum of the yields of the light of the two wavelengths separately. This effect provides evidence for the cooperative interaction of two photosystems in photosynthesis. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| tunneling effect | <radiobiology> In quantum mechanics, a particle approaching a potential energy barrier of finite extent has a chance (usually small) of tunneling through the barrier, even though it lacks the energy to go over the barrier. Tunneling plays a strong role in fusion reactions: particles which do not have enough energy to climb over the electrostatic energy barrier (into the region where nuclear attractions dominate) can still fuse by tunneling through. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Tyndall effect | The visibility of floating particles in gases or liquids when illuminated by a ray of sunlight and viewed at right angles to the illuminating ray. Synonym: Tyndall effect. (05 Mar 2000) |
| extrapyramidal effect | A combination of neurologic effects which includes tremors, chorea, athetosis and dystonia. A common side effect of neuroleptic agents (phenothiazines). Other medications known to cause these reactions include haloperidol, molindone, perphenazine & amitriptyline, loxapine, pimozide and rarely, benzodiazepines. (27 Sep 1997) |
| Fahraeus-Lindqvist effect | The decrease in apparent viscosity that occurs when a suspension, such as blood, is made to flow through a tube of smaller diameter; observed in tubes less than about 0.3 mm in diameter. Synonym: sigma effect. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Zeeman effect | The splitting of spectral lines into three or more symmetrically placed lines when the light source is subjected to a magnetic field. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Fenn effect | The increased liberation of heat in a stimulated muscle when it is allowed to do mechanical work; the amount of heat liberated is increased in proportion to the distance the muscle is allowed to shorten and in proportion to the tension it must develop (e.g., the weight it lifts) during shortening; thus increased chemical energy is consumed both to liberate increased heat and to do increased mechanical work. (05 Mar 2000) |
| zygotic effect gene | <genetics> A gene whose phenotype is dependent on the genotype of the zygote, rather than the genotype of the mother. See: maternal effect gene. (18 Nov 1997) |
| late effect | Side effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy which only become apparent with long-term monitoring of the patient over a period of years. These are of particular concern in patients below the age of puberty. (18 Nov 1997) |
| founder effect | The establishment of a new population by a few original founders (in an extreme case, by a single fertilized female) which carry only a small fraction of the total genetic variation of the parental population [Ernst Mayr, 1963]. The result is that a given allele, gene, chromosome, or part of a chromosome found in members of the population can be traced back to one ancestral individual. (09 Oct 1997) |
| abnormalities, drug-induced | Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| activity, drug | A measure of the physiological response a drug produces in the body. A less active drug produces less response (and visa versa). (12 Dec 1998) |
| addictive drug | Any drug that creates a certain degree of euphoria and has a strong potential for addiction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| adverse drug reaction reporting systems | Systems developed for collecting reports from government agencies, manufacturers, hospitals, physicians, and other sources on adverse drug reactions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| akathisia, drug-induced | Motor restlessness with sensations of quivering and an urge to move about constantly resulting from the use of certain drugs, such as neuroleptic drugs, which affect the extrapyramidal region of the brain. This differs from dyskinesia, drug-induced in that long-term antipsychotic drug exposure is significantly correlated with the increased prevalence of akathisia while there is no such correlation with dyskinesia. The primary observable distinction between tardive akathisia and dyskinesia appears to be in the repetitive, stereotypy of the dyskinesic movements (lip smacking, for example), while akathisia is associated with anxiety, restlessness, and agitation (psychomotor agitation). (12 Dec 1998) |