| Feulgen reagent | <chemical> A staining substance which specifically stains DNA. Robert Feulgen, in 1914, used this stain to find out that DNA is the hereditary material in cells. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| Folin's reagent | The reaction of amino acids in alkaline solution with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (Folin's reagent) to yield a red colour; useful for quantitative assay. Synonym: Folin's reagent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Fouchet's reagent | A 25% solution of trichloroacetic acid, containing 0.9% ferric chloride; a drop of the reagent added at the surface line of barium chloride-impregnated filter paper which has been dipped in urine for 10 sec will give a green colour if bilirubin is present. See: Fouchet's stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Froehde's reagent | Sodium molybdate 1, in strong sulfuric acid 1000; gives various colour reactions with alkaloids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Frohn's reagent | Bismuth subnitrate (1.5) and water (20.0) heated to boiling, to which hydrochloric acid (10.0) and potassium iodide (7.0) are added; used to test for alkaloids and for sugar. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Lloyd's reagent | Precipitated aluminum silicate, used in the determination of alkaloids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| amino- | <prefix> Prefix denoting a compound containing the radical, -NH2. Origin: an(monia) + in(e) + -o- (05 Mar 2000) |
| amino acids | Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-nh2) and a carboxyl (-cooh) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerised to form proteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino acids, branched-chain | Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino acids, cyclic | A class of amino acids characterised by a closed ring structure. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino acids, peptides, and proteins | Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino acyl-tRNA ligases | <enzyme> Any of the group of ligases that catalyses the ATP-driven formation of a bond between an amino acid and a trna, activating the amino acids as a step in protein synthesis. Individual enzymes are highly specific for one amino acid and for any trna corresponding to that amino acid. Registry number: EC 6.1.1. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino alcohols | Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-oh) and an amino group (-nh2). (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino group | <biochemistry> An -NH2 group. Organic compounds which have this group are called amines. (09 Oct 1997) |
| amino sugar | <biochemistry> Monosaccharide in which an OH group is replaced with an amino group, often acetylated. Common examples are D galactosamine, D glucosamine, neuraminic acid, muramic acid. Amino sugars are important constituents of bacterial cell walls, some antibiotics, blood group substances, milk oligosaccharides and chitin. (18 Nov 1997) |