| receptor downregulation | A phenomenon observed in many cells: following stimulation with a ligand the number of receptors for that ligand on the cell surface diminishes because internalisation exceeds replenishment. Often used very loosely, thus destroying the utility of the term. (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|---|
| receptor mediated endocytosis | Endocytosis of molecules by means of a specific receptor protein that normally resides in a coated pit, but may enter this structure after complex formation occurs. The structure then forms a coated vesicle that delivers its contents to the endosome whence it may enter the cytoplasm or the lysosomal compartment. Many bacterial toxins and viruses enter cells by this route. (18 Nov 1997) |
| receptor potential | The transmembrane potential difference of a sensory cell. Such cells are not generally excitable, but their response to stimulation is a gradual change in their resting potential. (18 Nov 1997) |
| receptor protein | An intracellular protein (or protein fraction) that has a high specific affinity for binding a known stimulus to cellular activity, such as a steroid hormone or adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| receptor protein-tyrosine kinase | <enzyme> A catalytic protein-tyrosine kinase domain found on the cytoplasmic beta-portion of receptors. Many growth and differentiation factor receptors contain this domain. It is critical for the signal transduction pathways required for mitogenesis, transformation, and cell differentiation. Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptor site | Point of attachment of viruses, hormones, or other activators to cell membranes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| receptor tyrosine kinase | Class of membrane receptors that phosphorylate tyrosine residues. Many play significant roles in development or cell division. Examples: insulin receptor family, c ros receptor, Drosophila sevenless, trk family. (18 Nov 1997) |
| receptor, visual | The layer of rods and cones, the visual cells, of the retina. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Cek4 receptor protein-tyrosine kinase | <enzyme> Isolated from mouse and chicken. Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- Synonym: cek4 protein, cek4 eph receptor, eph receptor cek4 (26 Jun 1999) |
| visual receptor cells | The rod and cone cell's of the retina. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glutamate receptor | <physiology> See amino acid receptor superfamily. Glutamate receptors are implicated in many important brain functions including long-term potentiation (LTP). at least 4 major glutamate gated ion channel subtypes are presently distinguished on pharmacological grounds, named after their most selective agonists: N methyl D aspartate (NMDA implicated in memory and learning, neuronal cell death, ischaemia and epilepsy), kainic acid (KA), quisqualate/AMPA and L 2 amino 4 phosphobutyrate (APB). A fifth subtype (APCD) trans 1 amino cyclopentane 1,3 dicarboxylate is a G-protein coupled receptor. (18 Nov 1997) |
| glycine receptor | <physiology> Chloride channel forming receptor. One of a family of neurotransmitter receptors with fast intrinsic ion channels. See: amino acid receptors. (18 Nov 1997) |
| peptide receptor | Specific receptor for peptide neurotransmitters. (18 Nov 1997) |
| G-protein coupled receptor | <cell biology> Cell surface receptors that are coupled to G-proteins (GTP-binding protein). G-protein coupled receptors are thought to have seven membrane spanning domains and have been divided into 2 subclasses: those in which the binding site is in the extracellular domain for example receptors for glycoprotein hormones, such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and those in which the ligand binding site is likely to be in the plane of the 7 transmembrane domains for example rhodopsin and receptors for small neurotransmitters and hormones for example muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. (18 Nov 1997) |
| chemokine receptor | A molecule that receives a chemokine and a chemokine dock. Several chemokine receptors are essential co-receptors for HIV. (12 Dec 1998) |