| pentose phosphate pathway | <biochemistry> A pathway of hexose oxidation in which glucose-6-phosphate undergoes two successive oxidations by NADP, the final one being an oxidative decarboxylation to form a pentose phosphate. Diverges from this when glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to ribose 5 phosphate by the enzyme glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. This step reduces NADP to NADPH, generating a source of reducing power in cells for use in reductive biosyntheses. In plants, part of the pathway functions in the formation of hexoses from carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. Also important as source of pentoses, for example for nucleic acid biosynthesis. This pathway is the main metabolic pathway in neutrophils, congenital deficiency in the pathway produces sensitivity to infection. Alternative metabolic route to Embden Meyerhof pathway for breakdown of glucose. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| pentoses | A class of carbohydrates that contains five carbon atoms. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pentostatin | <chemical> A potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. The drug is effective in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly hairy-cell leukaemia. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agent and has immunosuppressive activity. Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplastic, enzyme inhibitors, immunosuppressive agents. Chemical name: Imidazo(4,5-d)(1,3)diazepin-8-ol, 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-, (R)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| pentosuria | The excretion of one or more pentoses in the urine. Alimentary pentosuria, the urinary excretion of l-arabinose and l-xylose, as the result of the excessive ingestion of fruits containing these pentoses. Essential pentosuria, a benign heritable disorder in which the urinary output of l-xylulose is 1 to 4 g per 24 hr; it occurs principally in Ashkenazi Jewish; autosomal recessive inheritance. Synonym: l-xylulosuria, primary pentosuria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pentosyltransferases | <enzyme> Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another. Registry number: EC 2.4.2. (12 Dec 1998) |
| pentoxide | <chemistry> An oxide containing five atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5. Origin: Penta- + oxide. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| pentoxifylline | <drug> Is a drug that reduces levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (see). Pentoxifylline is FDAapproved for treatment of leg cramps and poor circulation. Possible side effects include nausea and other digestive upset, dizziness and headache. (09 Oct 1997) |
| pentoxyl | <chemical> 5-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonym: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil. Chemical name: 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl- (12 Dec 1998) |
| pentraxins | Family of proteins that share a discoid arrangement of five noncovalently linked subunits. Includes CRP and serum amyloid P. (18 Nov 1997) |
| pentremite | <zoology> A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have five petal-like ambulacra. Origin: NL, from Gr. Five + L. Remus an oar. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| pentulose | A ketopentose; e.g., ribulose, xylulose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pentyl | <chemistry> The hypothetical radical, C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| pentylenetetrazol | C6H10N4;a powerful stimulant to the central nervous system; has been used to cause generalised convulsion in the shock treatment of emotional states and as a respiratory stimulant; mainly used in experimental studies of seizure mechanisms. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pentylenetetrazole | <chemical> 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5h-tetrazolo(1,5-a)azepine. A convulsant used primarily in animal experiments. It was formerly used as a central nervous system stimulant. Pharmacological action: convulsants. Chemical name: 5H-Tetrazolo(1,5-a)azepine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro- (12 Dec 1998) |
| pentoside |
(pen
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| pentosuria |
(pen
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| pentoxifylline |
(pen
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| pent |
(pent(a)-) [Gr. pente five] a combining form meaning five.
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| pentachromic |
(pen
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