| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
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| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
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| RVD | relative vertebral density; right ventricular dysplasia |
|---|---|
| VACTERL | vertebral abnormalities, anal atresia, cardiac abnormalities, tracheoesophageal fistula and/or esoph... |
| VAH | vertebral ankylosing hyperostosis; Veterans Affairs Hospital; virilizing adrenal hyperplasia |
| VATER | vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula, and radial and renal dysplasia |
| VC | color vision; variance cardiography; vascular changes; vasoconstriction; vena cava; venereal case; v... |
| accessory meningeal branch of middle meningeal artery | <anatomy, artery> A branch of either the middle meningeal or maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa and passing superiorly through the foramen ovale to supply the trigeminal ganglion, dura mater and inner table of bone. Synonym: ramus meningeus accessorius arteriae meningeae mediae. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| accessory obturator artery | <anatomy, artery> Term applied to the anastomosis of pubic branch of the inferior epigastric artery with the pubic branch of the obturator artery when it contributes a significant supply through the obturator canal. Synonym: arteria obturatoria accessoria, ramus obturatorius arteriae epigastricae inferioris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acetabular artery | An arterial branch that supplies the acetabulum; two arteries, the obturator and the medial femoral circumflex, have such branches. Synonym: ramus acetabularis, acetabular artery, arteria acetabuli. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acromial artery | <anatomy, artery> A branch of the thoracoacromial artery that runs over the coracoid process and under the deltoid muscle. Synonym: ramus acromialis arteriae thoracoacromialis, acromial artery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acromial branch of suprascapular artery | <anatomy, artery> Branch of suprascapular artery which pierces the origin of the trapezius muscle to run to the acromion; anastomoses, acromial branch of thoracoacromial artery. Synonym: ramus acromialis arteriae suprascapularis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acromial branch of thoracoacromial artery | <anatomy, artery> A branch of the thoracoacromial artery that runs over the coracoid process and under the deltoid muscle. Synonym: ramus acromialis arteriae thoracoacromialis, acromial artery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acromiothoracic artery | <anatomy, artery> Origin, axillary; distribution, muscles and skin of shoulder and upper chest; anastomoses, branches of superior thoracic, internal thoracic, lateral thoracic, posterior and anterior circumflex humeral, and suprascapular. Synonym: arteria thoracoacromialis, acromiothoracic artery, thoracic axis, thoracoacromial trunk. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alar artery of nose | A branch of the angular artery that supplies the ala of the nose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| angular artery | <anatomy, artery> The terminal branch of the facial artery; distribution, muscles and skin of side of nose; anastomoses, lateral nasal, and dorsal artery of nose and palpebrals from the ophthalmic artery, thereby providing an external-internal carotid arterial anastomosis. Synonym: artery of angular gyrus. Synonym: arteria angularis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anterior auricular branches of superficial temporal artery | <anatomy, artery> Distribution, auricle, earlobe and external acoustic meatus. Synonym: rami auriculares anteriores arteriae temporalis superficialis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anterior caecal artery | <anatomy, artery> An artery that originates from the ileocolic artery and supplies the anterior region of caecum. Synonym: arteria caecalis anterior. (05 May 2002) |
| anterior cerebral artery | <anatomy, artery> One of the two terminal branches (with middle cerebral artery) of the internal carotid; it passes anterior, loops around the genu of the corpus callosum then posteriorly in the interhemispheric fissure along with its fellow of the opposite side, the two being joined by the anterior communicating artery; for descriptive purposes it is divided into two parts: the precommunical part (A2 segment of clinical terminology), supplying branches to the thalamus and corpus striatum, and the postcommunical part, (A2) or pericallosal artery, supplying branches to the cortex of the medial parts of the frontal and parietal lobes. Synonym: arteria cerebri anterior. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anterior choroidal artery | <anatomy, artery> Origin, internal carotid or (rarely) middle cerebral artery; distribution, optic tract, crus cerebri, uncus, hippocampus, globus pallidus, posterior part of internal capsule, geniculate bodies of the thalamus, and choroid plexus in the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. Synonym: arteria choroidea anterior. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anterior ciliary artery | <anatomy, artery> One of several arteries derived from muscular branches of the ophthalmic which perforate the anterior part of the sclera and anastomose with posterior ciliary arteries. Synonym: arteria ciliaris anterior. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anterior circumflex humeral artery | <anatomy, artery> Origin, axillary; distribution, shoulder joint and biceps muscle; anastomoses, posterior circumflex humeral artery. Synonym: arteria circumflexa humeri anterior, anterior humeral circumflex artery. (05 Mar 2000) |