| RAI | radioactive iodine; radioactive isotope; resident assessment instrument; resting ankle index; right ... |
|---|---|
| RAR | rapidly adapting receptor; rat insulin receptor; retinoic acid receptor; right arm reclining; right ... |
| RB | radiation burn; rating board; rebreathing; reticulate body; retinoblastoma; right bronchus; right bu... |
| RBA | relative binding affinity; rescue breathing apparatus; right basilar artery; right brachial artery; ... |
| RCA | red cell agglutination; relative chemotactic activity; renal cell carcinoma; right carotid artery; r... |
| gastric volvulus | <radiology> Mesenteroaxial, antrum lies above cardia (i.e., rotation around line connecting greater and lesser curvature), form seen in neonates, obstruction at pylorus or GE junction, usually acute, associated with eventration of left hemidiaphragm or diaphragmatic hernia, organoaxial, rare in kids, associated with large hiatus hernia, rotation along long axis of stomach may be asymptomatic if no outlet obstruction or vascular compromise (12 Dec 1998) |
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| parietal cells, gastric | Cells of the gastric glands which secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. (12 Dec 1998) |
| giant gastric folds | Enlarged gastric submucosal ridges covered by hyperplastic mucosa, as seen in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Menetrier's disease, and hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| giant hypertrophy of gastric mucosa | Gastric mucosal hyperplasia, either mucoid or glandular; the latter type may be associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Synonym: giant hypertrophy of gastric mucosa, hypertrophic gastritis, Menetrier's syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chief cells, gastric | Epithelial cells that line the basal half of the gastric glands. Chief cells synthesise and secrete pepsinogen, a precursor of the enzyme pepsin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| short gastric arteries | Four or five small arteries given off from the splenic, passing via the gastrosplenic ligament to the fundus of the stomach along the greater curvature, and anastomosing with the other arteries in that region. Synonym: arteriae gastricae breves, vasa brevia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| short gastric veins | Small vessels that drain the fundus and left portion of the stomach wall and empty into the splenic vein. Synonym: venae gastricae breves. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hyperplastic gastric polyp | <radiology> Regeneration polyp, inflammatory polyp, most common type of gastric polyp (75-90%), histology: proliferated gastric mucosa with acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates in lamina propria, location: randomly distributed in stomach, associated with, chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anaemia, findings: sharply delineated polyp with smooth circular border, Mexican hat sign: stalk seen en face overlying the head of the polyp, sessile/pedunculate; usually multiple, usually less than 1 cm, no contour defect in stomach (12 Dec 1998) |
| sphincter of gastric antrum | Angular sphincter, thickening of the circular muscular layer forming a proposed intermediate sphincter at the level of the angular notch of the stomach. While the thickening of the circular muscle may indicate the commencement of the pyloric antrum, true functional sphincteric activity distinct from the other peristaltic contractions of the stomach is not observed although some of these may in fact temporarily close off the antrum from the remainder of the stomach lumen. Synonym: antral sphincter, midgastric transverse sphincter, sphincter antri, sphincter intermedius, sphincter of antrum, sphincter of gastric antrum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| superior gastric lymph nodes | Nodes located along the left gastric artery and its branches; they are divided into paracardial, upper and lower groups. Synonym: nodi lymphatici gastrici sinistri, superior gastric lymph nodes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| delayed gastric emptying | <gastroenterology> A condition where there is delayed stomach emptying (due abnormal gastric motility), often see as a complication of diabetes mellitus. Risk factors include diabetes, systemic sclerosis, previous vagotomy, previous gastrectomy, viceral neuropathy and the use of anticholinergic medications. Symptoms include bloating, nausea, vomiting and constipation. Treatment include dietary modification and the use of cholinergic medications and metachlopromide. (27 Sep 1997) |
| oesophageal and gastric varices | Submucosal varices of the lower oesophagus or gastric fundus mucosa, frequently caused by the development of portal collateral vessels consequent to portal hypertension. (12 Dec 1998) |
| oesophageal branches of the left gastric artery | <anatomy, artery> Ascends through oesophageal hiatus of diaphragm to supply lowermost (cardiac) oesophagus; anastomosis: oesophageal branches of thoracic aorta. Synonym: rami oesophageales arteriae gastricae sinistrae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| thickened gastric folds | <radiology> Hyperacidic state, peptic ulcer disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, hypoproteinaemia, lymphoma, pseudolymphoma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, varices, Menetrier disease, inflammatory bowel disease (UC and Crohn), TB, syphilis (12 Dec 1998) |
| ulcer, gastric | A hole in the lining of the stomach corroded by the acidic digestive juices which are secreted by the stomach cells. Ulcer formation is related to h. Pyloridus bacteria in the stomach, anti-inflammatory medications, and smoking cigarettes. Ulcer pain may not correlate with the presence or severity of ulceration. Diagnosis is made with barium X-ray or endoscopy. Complications of ulcers include bleeding, perforation, and blockage of the stomach (gastric obstruction). (12 Dec 1998) |