| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm/aneurysmectomy; acne-associated arthritis; acquired aplastic anemia; acute... |
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| AAAD | aromatic amino acid decarboxylase |
| AAAE | amino acid activating enzyme |
| AADC | amino acid decarboxylase |
| AAM | acute aseptic meningitis; American Academy of Microbiology; amino acid mixture; African American Mal... |
| excitatory amino acid antagonists | Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| excitatory amino acids | Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear. (12 Dec 1998) |
| 1-carbamoyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase | <enzyme> From bacillus stearothermophilus; amino acid sequence given in first source Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- Synonym: carbamoyl l-aa amidohydrolase, n-carbamyl-l-amino acid amidohydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactose | <chemical> Chemical name: D-Galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxy- (12 Dec 1998) |
| 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate | <chemical> A potent and specific antagonist of nmda receptors (receptors, nmda) in the d-enantiomeric form. The l form is inactive at nmda receptors but may affect the ap4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; apb) excitatory amino acid receptors. Pharmacological action: excitatory amino acid antagonists. Chemical name: Norvaline, 5-phosphono- (12 Dec 1998) |
| (3-(arginyl)amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)butyryl)-leucyl-prolyl-threonine | Pharmacological action: neurotransmitters Synonym: 2-afb(p-no2)-proctolin, (afb(p-no2)(2))-proctolin (26 Jun 1999) |
| 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase | <enzyme> Chemical name: 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase Registry number: EC 2.3.1.47 Synonym: 7-kap synthetase, 8-amino-7-oxopelargonate synthase, 7-oxo-8-aminononanoate synthase, biof gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| acute renal failure | <nephrology> A sudden decline in renal function may be triggered by a number of acute disease processes. Examples include sepsis (infection), shock, trauma, kidney stones, kidney infection, drug toxicity (aspirin or lithium), poisons or toxins (drug abuse) or after injection with an iodinated contrast dye (adverse effect). Chronic renal failure represents a slow decline in kidney function over time. Chronic renal failure may be caused by a number of disorders which include long-standing hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, lupus or sickle cell anaemia. Both forms of renal failure result in a life-threatening metabolic derangement. (27 Sep 1997) |
| aminoaciduria, renal | Impairment of renal tubular transport of amino acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| back-pressure renal atrophy | <radiology> Caliectasis without obstruction, due to repeated episodes of obstruction, gradual loss of renal pyramids (12 Dec 1998) |
| base of renal pyramid | The outer broad part of a renal pyramid that lies next to the cortex. Synonym: basis pyramidis renis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| branchio-oto-renal syndrome | <syndrome> An autosomal dominant disorder manifested by various combinations of preauricular pits, branchial fistulae or cysts, lacrimal duct stenosis, hearing loss, structural defects of the outer, middle, or inner ear, and renal dysplasia. Associated defects include asthenic habitus, long narrow facies, constricted palate, deep overbite, and myopia. Hearing loss may be due to mondini type cochlear defect and stapes fixation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| capsular branches of renal artery | <anatomy, artery> Branches arising from the renal artery outside of the kidney that are distributed to the renal capsule. Synonym: rami capsulares arteriae renalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| captopril renal scan | <radiology> In a kidney with a lesion in the afferent arteriole (e.g. Atherosclerotic plaque), reflex constriction of the efferent arteriole occurs through angiotensin system thus maintaining renal perfusion. ACE inhibition prevents constriction of efferent arteriole. Therefore, perfusion is decreased to a kidney with afferent lesions and the renal scan to looks WORSE. Bottom line: renal scans appear WORSE with captopril administration if there is a lesion in the afferent arteriole. See: renal artery stenosis (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, renal cell | Carcinoma of the renal parenchyma usually occurring in middle age or later and composed of tubular cells in varying arrangements. It was first described in 1826. Possible causal factors are environmental, hormonal, cellular, and genetic. Smoking is a definite risk factor and obesity is associated with increased risk. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of adult cancer; the male-female ratio is 2:1. It is more common among urban residents than rural. (12 Dec 1998) |