| H&R | hysterectomy and radiation |
|---|---|
| ICRU | International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements |
| IRP | immunoreactive plasma; immunoreactive proinsulin; incus replacement prosthesis; insulin-releasing po... |
| IRTIS | Integrated Radiation Therapy Information System |
| LASER | light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation |
| electromagnetic radiation | <physics> Radiation (such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays) which consists of associated, interacting electric and magnetic field waves which travel at the speed of light. All forms of electromagnetic radiation can be transmitted through vacuum. Electromagnetic waves in plasmas are generally more complex in their behaviour, depending on their frequency. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| excitation radiation | <radiobiology> Line radiation (at characteristic frequencies / wavelengths) as a result of the promotion of electrons or other constituent particles of a larger system to excited states, and the subsequent de-excitation of these states by radiative transitions. (09 Oct 1997) |
| external radiation | Radiation therapy that uses a machine located outside the body to aim high-energy rays at the cancer. (16 Dec 1997) |
| external radiation therapy | Radiation therapy using a machine located outside the body to aim high-energy rays at a tumour. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ultraviolet radiation | <physics> Invisible light, next to visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum. The most common source of ultraviolet radiation is the sun. Acronym: UV (16 Dec 1997) |
| K-radiation | Usually a very penetrating form of x-radiation excited by cathode rays (high speed electrons) impinging upon a metal anode such as tungsten; the energy of the radiation is a function of the binding energy of the K-shell electrons of the metal anode. (05 Mar 2000) |
| L-radiation | An x-radiation of slight penetrating power excited by cathode rays (high speed electrons) impinging on a metal anode; the energy of the radiation is a function of the binding energy of the L-shell electrons of the metal anode. (05 Mar 2000) |
| achlorhydric anaemia | A form of chronic hypochromic microcytic anaemia associated with achlorhydria or achylia gastrica; observed most frequently in women in the third to fifth decades. Synonym: Faber's anaemia, Faber's syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| achrestic anaemia | A form of chronic progressive macrocytic anaemia that can be fatal in which the changes in bone marrow and circulating blood closely resemble those of pernicious anaemia, but in which there is only transient or no response to therapy with vitamin B12; glossitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, central nervous system disease, and pyrexia are not observed, and there is only little bleeding or haemolysis. Origin: G. A-priv. + chresis, a using (05 Mar 2000) |
| acquired haemolytic anaemia | Nonhereditary acute or chronic anaemia associated with or caused by extracorpuscular factors, e.g., certain infectious agents, chemicals (including autoantibodies or therapeutic agents), burns, toxic materials from higher plant and animal forms (including snake venoms). (05 Mar 2000) |
| addisonian anaemia | <haematology> A form of anaemia (low red blood cell counts) that results when the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of red blood cells due to a deficiency in vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor, necessary for normal B12 absorption, may be the underlying cause for B12 deficiency if is not produced in the gastric glands (in the stomach). Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (27 Sep 1997) |
| Addison's anaemia | <haematology> A form of anaemia (low red blood cell counts) that results when the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of red blood cells due to a deficiency in vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor, necessary for normal B12 absorption, may be the underlying cause for B12 deficiency if is not produced in the gastric glands (in the stomach). Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (27 Sep 1997) |
| anaemia | <haematology> Too few red blood cells in the bloodstream, resulting in insufficient oxygen to tissues and organs. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (16 Dec 1997) |
| anaemia, aplastic | A form of anaemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. (12 Dec 1998) |
| anaemia, Cooley's | Better known today as thalassaemia (or as beta thalassaemia or thalassaemia major).The clinical picture of this important type of anaemia was first described in 1925 by the paediatrician Thomas Benton Cooley. Another name for the disease is Mediterranean anaemia. The name thalassaemia was coined by the Nobel Prise winning pathologist George Whipple and the professor of paediatrics Wm Bradford at Univ. Of Rochester because thalassa in Greek means the sea (like the Mediterrranean Sea) + -aemia means in the blood so thalassaemia means sea in the blood. Thalassaemia is not just one disease. It is a complex contingent of genetic (inherited) disorders all of which involve underproduction of haemoglobin, the indispensable molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The globin part of normal adult haemoglobin is made up of 2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptide chains. In beta thalassaemia, there is a mutation (change) in both beta globin chains leading to underproduction (or absence) of beta chains, underproduction of haemoglobin, and profound anaemia. The gene for beta thalassaemia is relatively frequent in people of Mediterranean origin (for example, from Italy and Greece). Children with this disease inherit one gene for it from each parent. The parents are carriers (heterozygotes) with just one thalassaemia gene, are said to have thalassaemia minor, and are essentially normal. Their children affected with beta thalassaemia seem entirely normal at birth because at birth we still have predominantly foetal haemoglobin which does not contain beta chains. The anaemia surfaces in the first few months after birth and becomes progressively more severe leading to pallor and easy fatiguability, failure to thrive (grow), bouts of fever (due to infections) and diarrhoea. Treatment based on blood transfusions is helpful but not curative. Gene therapy will, it is hoped, be applicable to this disease. (12 Dec 1998) |