| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
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| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
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| CT | calcitonin; calf testis; cardiac tamponade; cardiothoracic [ratio]; carotid tracing; carpal tunnel; ... |
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| ECC | electrocorticogram, electrocorticography; electronic claim capture; embryonal cell carcinoma; emerge... |
| EHC | enterohepatic circulation; enterohepatic clearance; essential hypercholesterolemia; ethylhydrocuprei... |
| GC | ganglion cell; gas chromatography; general circulation; general closure; general condition; generali... |
| MCT | manual cervical traction; mean cell thickness; mean cell threshold; mean circulation time; mean corp... |
| foetal bradycardia | A foetal heart rate of less than 100 beats per minute. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| foetal calf serum | <cell culture> The serum originating from embryonic calves and an expensive component of standard culture media for many types of animal tissue cells. It is used as an important part of growth media for promoting the growth of tissue cultures. It provides a source of growth hormones and other growth factors. (11 Nov 1997) |
| foetal cotyledon | A unit of the foetal placenta supplied by the vessels of a stem villus; several such cotyledon's may occur between two placental septa; traditionally called embryologists' cotyledon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| foetal death | <radiology> No foetal movement, no foetal heart movement, scalp oedema, Spalding's sign, hyperextended spine, thrombus within heart (12 Dec 1998) |
| foetal death rate | The number of foetal deaths divided by the sum of live births and foetal deaths occurring in the same population during the same time period. Synonym: stillbirth rate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| foetal development | Morphologic and physiologic growth and development of the mammalian embryo or foetus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| foetal distress | Compromise of the foetus during the antepartum period (before labour) or intrapartum period (birth process). (12 Dec 1998) |
| foetal doppler study | <radiology> Non-stress test (NST), external monitoring for 20 minutes; poor specificity, greater than4 foetal heart accelerations (greater than15 bpm over baseline for 15 seconds) following foetal movement in foetus greater than34 weeks, no heart accelerations in immaturity, sleep, maternal sedation contraction stress test (CST), external monitoring after oxytocin or maternal breast stimulation, greater than 3 uterine contraction in 10 minutes; 50% specificity uterine and umbilical artery waveform, elevated systolic:diastolic ratio = increased vascular resistance foetal aortic flow volume, 185-246 ml/kg/min see also: biophysical profile, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) (12 Dec 1998) |
| foetal dystocia | Difficult labour and delivery caused by the foetus' size (too big), shape or position. Dystocia comes from the Greek dys meaning difficult, painful, disordered, abnormal + tokos meaning birth. (12 Dec 1998) |
| foetal electrocardiography | Recording the electrocardiogram of the foetus in utero. (05 Mar 2000) |
| foetal erythroblastosis | <haematology> A condition which develops in the foetus due to an incompatibility between the mother's blood type (RH factor) and the baby's. Maternal antibodies, which enter the foetal circulation during delivery attack the baby's red blood cells leading to haemolysis (rupture of the cells). Symptoms include an infant with an enlarged liver and spleen, swelling, jaundice and anaemia. (27 Sep 1997) |
| foetal fracture | A fracture of one or more bones of a foetus occurring before birth. Synonym: foetal fracture. (05 Mar 2000) |
| foetal gigantism | Excessive foetal or newborn size, e.g., cerebral gigantism and infants of diabetic mothers. (05 Mar 2000) |
| foetal growth retardation | The failure of a foetus to maintain its expected growth potential at any gestational stage. (12 Dec 1998) |
| foetal habitus | Relationship of one foetal part to another. Synonym: foetal attitude. (05 Mar 2000) |