| gene markers | Detectable genetic traits or distinctive segments of DNA that serve as landmarks for a target gene. Markers are on the same chromosome as the target gene. They must be near enough to the target gene to be genetically linked to it: to be inherited usually together with that gene, and so serve as signposts to it. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| gene mosaicism | <genetics> Descriptive of an organism that consists of two or more genetically distinct cell lines. (14 Nov 1997) |
| gene pool | The total sum of genetic information present in a population at anygiven moment. (09 Oct 1997) |
| gene probe | A biomolecule that islabelled with radioactive isotopes or with a fluorescent marker that selectively binds to a specific gene so it can be isolated or identified. (09 Oct 1997) |
| gene product | The biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting from expression of a gene. The amount of gene product is used to measure how active a gene is, abnormal amounts can be correlated with disease-causing alleles. (09 Oct 1997) |
| gene products, env | Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. They are usually synthesised as protein precursors (polyproteins) and later cleaved into the final products by a viral protease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, gag | Proteins coded by the retroviral gag gene. The products are usually synthesised as protein precursors or polyproteins, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. Many of the final products are associated with the nucleoprotein core of the virion. Gag is short for group-specific antigen. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, nef | Products of the HIV nef gene (formerly 3'-orf gene). The products trans-suppress viral replication and function as negative regulators of transcription. Nef stands for negative factor. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, pol | Retroviral proteins coded by the pol gene. Often synthesised as a gag-pol fusion protein (fusion proteins, gag-pol) and later cleaved into final products that include reverse transcriptase, endonuclease/integrase, and viral protease. Pol is short for polymerase, the enzyme class of reverse transcriptase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, rev | Trans-acting nuclear proteins whose functional expression are required for HIV viral replication. Specifically, the rev gene products are required for processing and translation of the HIV gag and env mRNAs, and thus rev regulates the expression of the viral structural proteins. Rev can also regulate viral regulatory proteins. A cis-acting antirepression sequence (car) in env, also known as the rev-responsive element (rre), is responsive to the rev gene product. Rev is short for regulator of virion. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, rex | Post-transcriptional regulatory proteins required for the accumulation of mRNAs that encode the gag and env gene products in HTLV-I and HTLV-II. The rex (regulator x; x is undefined) products act by binding to elements in the ltr. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, tat | Trans-acting transcription factors. Nuclear proteins whose expression is required for HIV viral replication. The tat protein stimulates HIV-ltr-driven RNA synthesis for both viral regulatory and viral structural proteins. Tat stands for trans-activation of transcription. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, tax | Transcriptional trans-acting proteins of the promoter elements found in the long-terminal repeats (ltr) of HTLV-I and HTLV-II. The tax (trans-activator x; x is undefined) proteins act by binding to enhancer elements in the ltr. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, vif | A 23 kD regulatory protein important for virion infectivity in HIV. The protein is found in the cytoplasm of HIV-infected cells and is not absolutely required for virion formation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| gene products, vpr | Trans-acting proteins which accelerate virus replication in HIV. The vpr proteins act in trans to increase the levels of HIV specified proteins. Vpr is short for viral protein r, where r is undefined. (12 Dec 1998) |