| genetic mapping | Determination of the relative positions of genes on a DNA molecule (chromosome or plasmid) and of the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between them. (14 Nov 1997) |
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| genetic marker | A gene which has an easily identifiable phenotype so that one can tell apart cells or individuals which have the gene and those which do not have it. Such a gene can also be used as a probe to mark cell nuclei or chromosomes so that they can easily be isolated or identified from other nuclei or chromosomes later. (09 Oct 1997) |
| genetic markers | A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genetic material | A gene, a part of a gene, a group of genes, or fragments of many genes, on a molecule of DNA, a fragment of DNA, a group of DNA molecules, or fragments of many DNA molecules. Could refer to anything from a small fragment of DNA to the entire genome of an organism. (09 Oct 1997) |
| genetic model | A formalised conjecture about the behaviour of a heritable structure in which the component terms are intended to have literal interpretation as standard structures of empirical genetics. (05 Mar 2000) |
| genetic penetrance | The extent to which a genetically determined condition is expressed in an individual. (05 Mar 2000) |
| genetic polymorphism | The occurrence in the same population of multiple discrete alletic states of which at least two have high frequency (conventionally of 1% or more). (05 Mar 2000) |
| genetic psychology | A science dealing with the evolution of behaviour and the relation to each other of the different types of mental activity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| genetic recombination | <molecular biology> Formation of new combinations of alleles in offspring (viruses, cells or organisms) as a result of exchange of DNA sequences between molecules. It occurs naturally, as in crossing over between homologous chromosomes in meiosis or experimentally, as a result of genetic engineering techniques. (18 Nov 1997) |
| genetic screening | The process of testing individuals to find out if they carry genes for certain known genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anaemia. (09 Oct 1997) |
| genetic techniques | Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genetic testing | Identifying foetuses or infants afflicted with hereditary diseases or conditions, and carriers of recessive disorders by means of DNA analysis. See: DNA markers, familial screening, prenatal screening. Synonym: genetic testing. (05 Mar 2000) |
| genetic toxicology | <study> This is the study of chemicals which can damage the genetic structure of living organisms (including humans) and thus cause problems such as mutations, cancer and birth defects. (09 Oct 1997) |
| genetic transformation | <molecular biology> Genetic change brought about by the introduction of exogenous DNA into a cell. See: transformation, germ line transformation, transfection. (18 Nov 1997) |
| genetic variance | Within a population, the measure of how much of the variation of a particular phenotype is due to genotypic variation (as opposed to environmental factors. An example might be the height of a human as determined by genes inherited from the human's parents. See: environmental variance. (09 Oct 1997) |