| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
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| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
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| hard ulcer | <dermatology> The primary skin lesion of syphilis which begins at the site of infection after an interval of 10-30 days as a papule or red ulcerated skin lesion. (27 Sep 1997) |
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| healed ulcer | An ulcer covered by epithelial regeneration, beneath which there may be scarring and absence of glands or appendages. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Saemisch's ulcer | A form of serpiginous keratitis, frequently accompanied by hypopyon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| herpetic ulcer | Ulcer caused by herpes simplex virus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pudendal ulcer | <disease, microbiology> A rare sexually transmitted disease that is caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. This infection is more common in the tropical and subtropical areas such as India, Guyana and new Guinea. There are approximately 100 cases reported annually in the United States. Men are affected more often than women. It is thought to be most commonly acquired through anal intercourse. Symptoms include a small red nodule on the genitalia that may form elevated masses of reddened tissue (granulation tissue). The lesions gradual spread and destroy genital tissue. Diagnosis is via tissue biopsy or culture. Treatment includes antibiotics. (27 Sep 1997) |
| Hunner's ulcer | A focal and often multiple lesion involving all layers of the bladder wall in chronic interstitial cystitis; the surface epithelium is destroyed by inflammation and the initially pale lesion cracks and bleeds with distention of the bladder. Synonym: elusive ulcer, Fenwick-Hunner ulcer. (05 Mar 2000) |
| serpent ulcer of cornea | A severe, creeping, central, suppurative ulcer often due to pneumococci. Synonym: pneumococcal/suppurative keratitis, serpent ulcer of cornea. (05 Mar 2000) |
| serpiginous corneal ulcer | Serpentine ulceration of the cornea, due to infection, most often with Streptococcus pneumoniae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| serpiginous ulcer | An ulcer extending on one side while healing at the opposite edge, forming an undulating margin. Synonym: creeping ulcer. (05 Mar 2000) |
| simple ulcer | A local, not constitutional, ulcer not accompanied by marked pain or inflammation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hypopyon ulcer | An advancing central suppurative ulcer of the cornea. A corneal ulcer with pus in the anterior chamber, indolent ulcer, a chronic ulcer, with hard elevated edges and few or no granulations, and showing no tendency to heal. See: hypopyon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sloughing ulcer | <dermatology> A rapidly spreading ulcer attended by the formation of extensive sloughing. Synonym: perambulating ulcer, sloughing ulcer, ulcus ambulans. Origin: L. Phagedaena, Gr Phago, To eat. (05 Mar 2000) |
| soft ulcer | A sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria haemophilus ducreyi. Causes multiple painful ulcers on the penis and the vulva often associated with tender and enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. (27 Sep 1997) |
| stasis ulcer | Ulcer due to varicose veins. Chronic venous insufficiency in the deep veins of the legs leads to shunting the venous return into the superficial veins, in which pressure and flow rate, as well as oxygen content, are increased. (12 Dec 1998) |
| stercoral ulcer | An ulcer of the colon due to pressure and irritation of retained faecal masses. (05 Mar 2000) |