| cancer, breast, susceptibility genes | Inherited factors that predispose to breast cancer. Put otherwise, these genes make one more susceptible to the disease and so increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified (and prominently publicised). Several other genes (those for the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden disease, Muir-Torre syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia) are also known to predispose to breast cancer. However, since all of these known breast cancer susceptibility genes together do not account for more than a minor fraction (1/5th at most) of breast cancer that clusters in families, it is clear that more breast cancer genes remain to be discovered. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| genes | Located in the nucleus of the cell, genes contain hereditary information that is transferred from cell to cell. (09 Oct 1997) |
| genes, abl | Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (abl) originally isolated from the abelson murine leukaemia virus (ab-mulv). The proto-oncogene abl (c-abl) codes for a protein that is a member of the tyrosine kinase family. The human c-abl gene is located at 9q34.1 on the long arm of chromosome 9. It is activated by translocation to bcr on chromosome 22 in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, apc | Tumour suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (apc stands for adenomatous polyposis coli) and gardner's syndrome, as well as some sporadic colourectal cancers. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, arac | Regulatory genes which encode a cyclic AMP receptor protein required for l-arabinose utilization in e. Coli. It is an example of positive control or regulation of gene expression in the bacterial operon. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, archaeal | The genetic material of archaea. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, bacterial | The genetic material of bacteria. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, bcl-1 | The B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma-1 genes, associated with various neoplasms when overexpressed. Overexpression results from the t(11;14) translocation, which is characteristic of mantle zone-derived B-cell lymphomas. The human c-bcl-1 gene is located at 11q13 on the long arm of chromosome 18. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, bcl-2 | The B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma-2 genes, responsible for blocking apoptosis in normal cells, and associated with follicular lymphoma when overexpressed. Overexpression results from the t(14;18) translocation. The human c-bcl-2 gene is located at 18q24 on the long arm of chromosome 18. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, BRCA1 | Tumour suppressor genes located on human chromosome 17q12-21. The mutation of these genes is associated with the formation of familial breast and ovarian cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, breast cancer susceptibility | Inherited factors that predispose to breast cancer. Put otherwise, these genes make one more susceptible to the disease and so increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Two of these genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified (and prominently publicised). Several other genes (those for the Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden disease, Muir-Torre syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia) are also known to predispose to breast cancer. Howeverm, since all of these known breast cancer susceptibility genes together do not account for more than a minor fraction (1/5th at most) of breast cancer that clusters in families, it is clear that more breast cancer genes remain to be discovered. See related entries to: BRCA1; BRCA2; Breast cancer, familial. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, cdc | Genes that code for proteins that regulate the cell division cycle. These genes form a regulatory network that culminates in the onset of mitosis by activating the p34cdc2 protein (protein p34cdc2). (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, dcc | Tumour suppressor genes located in the 18q21-qter region of human chromosome 18. The absence of these genes is associated with the formation of colourectal cancer (dcc stands for deleted in colourectal cancer). The products of these genes show significant homology to neural cell adhesion molecules and other related cell surface glycoproteins. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, dominant | Genes that are reflected in the phenotype both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state. (12 Dec 1998) |
| genes, env | DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. The env genes contain a cis-acting RNA target sequence for the rev protein (= gene products, rev), termed the rev-responsive element (rre). (12 Dec 1998) |