| common-source epidemic | <microbiology> An epidemic resulting from infection of a large number of people from a single contaminated source. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| common tendinous ring | A fibrous ring that surrounds the optic canal and the medial part of the superior orbital fissure; it gives origin to the four rectus muscles of the eye and is partially fused with the sheath of the optic nerve. Synonym: annulus tendineus communis, Zinn's ligament, Zinn's ring, Zinn's tendon. (05 Mar 2000) |
| common variable immunodeficiency | Heterogeneous group of immunodeficiency syndromes characterised by hypogammaglobulinaemia of most isotypes, variable B-cell defects, and the presence of recurrent bacterial infections. (12 Dec 1998) |
| common vehicle spread | Spread of disease agent from a source that is common to those who acquire the disease, e.g., water, milk, air, syringe contaminated by infectious or noxious agents. (05 Mar 2000) |
| common wart | A keratotic papilloma of the epidermis which occurs most frequently in young persons as a result of localised infection by human papilloma virus, usually types 2 and 4; the lesions are of variable duration, eventually undergoing spontaneous regression, and are both exophytic and endophytic, with hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, hypergranulosis, koilocytosis, and papillomatosis. Synonym: common wart, infectious warts, verruca simplex, viral wart. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Salisbury common cold viruses | Strains of rhinovirus of historical interest because of early studies that established the viral aetiology of common colds. (05 Mar 2000) |
| promontory common iliac lymph nodes | Nodes of the common iliac group located at the promontory of the sacrum. Synonym: nodi lymphatici promontorii, nodi lymphatici iliaci communes promontorii. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hepatic duct, common | Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sphincter muscle of common bile duct | Smooth muscle sphincter of the common bile duct immediately proximal to the hepatopancreatic ampulla; it is this sphincter that controls the flow of bile in the duodenum. Synonym: musculus sphincter ductus choledochi, Boyden's sphincter, choledochal sphincter, sphincter muscle of common bile duct. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sphincter of common bile duct | Smooth muscle sphincter of the common bile duct immediately proximal to the hepatopancreatic ampulla; it is this sphincter that controls the flow of bile in the duodenum. Synonym: musculus sphincter ductus choledochi, Boyden's sphincter, choledochal sphincter, sphincter muscle of common bile duct. (05 Mar 2000) |
| leukocyte common antigen | Family of glycoproteins found on most leukocytes and absent from other cell types. These cell surface antigens can comprise up to 10% of the membrane proteins. (05 Mar 2000) |
| abscopal effect | A reaction produced following irradiation but occurring outside the zone of actual radiation absorption. (05 Mar 2000) |
| additive effect | <biochemistry, chemistry> An additive effect is the overall biological effect two chemicals acting together and which is the simple sum of the effects of the chemicals acting independently. Compare: antagonism. (15 Jan 1998) |
| adverse effect | This is an abnormal or harmful effect to an organism caused by exposure to a chemical. It is indicated by some result such as death, a change in food or water consumption, altered body and organ weights, altered enzyme levels, or visible illness. An effect may be classed as adverse if it causes functional or anatomical damage, causes irreversible change in the homeostasis of the organism, or increases the susceptibility of the organism to other chemical or biological stress. A non-adverse effect will usually be reversed when the organism is no longer being exposed to the chemical. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Anrep effect | A small transient positive inotropic effect of abrupt increases of systolic aortic and left ventricular pressures related to recovery from transient subendocardial ischemia (e.g., cold pressor test). (05 Mar 2000) |