| ECCO2R | extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal |
|---|---|
| ETCO2 | end-tidal carbon dioxide [concentration] |
| ETPCO2 | end-tidal partial carbon dioxide [concentration] |
| FECO2 | fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in expired gas |
| FiCO2, | FICO2 fractional concentration of carbon dioxide in inspired gas |
| haemoglobin electrophoresis | <investigation> A special diagnostic procedure which identifies abnormal haemoglobin proteins by the way they migrate in an electric field (electrophoresis). The electric field is used to separate haemoglobin proteins from each other and allow the identification of different components. This can be used to diagnose thalassaemia, sickle cell disease and haemoglobin C disease. (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|---|
| haemoglobin F | <haematology> Haemoglobin f is the normal form of the protein haemoglobin which is found in the foetus. (09 Oct 1997) |
| haemoglobin Gower-1 | A Hb of molecular formula ζ2&vepsilon;2, found as a minor Hb in the early embryo; disappears by the third month of pregnancy in favour of haemoglobin Gower-2 and haemaglobin Portland and then by Hb F; the ζ chain has 141 amino acid residues. Synthesis of the ζ chain is deficient in cases of hydrops foetalis. Compare: haemoglobin Gower-2, haemoglobin Portland. (05 Mar 2000) |
| haemoglobin Gower-2 | A normal Hb of molecular formula a2A&vepsilon;2, which is a major Hb component of the early embryo; production of &vepsilon; chains normally ceases at about the third month of foetal development and is replaced by Hb F. Compare: haemoglobin Gower-1, haemoglobin Portland. (05 Mar 2000) |
| haemoglobin H | <haematology> Haemoglobin H is an abnormal version of the protein haemoglobin. The normal haemoglobin is composed of two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains, haemoglobin H is composed of four beta chains. The molecule has a very high affinity to oxygen, but is very inefficient at transporting it. (09 Oct 1997) |
| haemoglobin I | An abnormal Hb with a single a chain substitution, molecular formula a216Lys→Glub2A; a thalassaemia-like syndrome has been found in individuals heterozygous for both Hb I and alpha-thalassaemia genes, with formation of about 70% Hb I. (05 Mar 2000) |
| haemoglobin J | <chemical> A group of abnormal haemoglobins with similar electrophoretic characteristics. They have faster electrophoretic mobility and different amino acid substitutions in either the alpha or beta chains than normal adult haemoglobin. Some of the variants produce haematologic abnormalities, others result in no clinical disorders. Chemical name: Haemoglobin J (12 Dec 1998) |
| haemoglobin JCapetown | An abnormal Hb with a single a chain substitution, molecular formula a292Arg→Glnb2A; heterozygotes have polycythemia because of increased oxygen affinity of this Hb. (05 Mar 2000) |
| haemoglobin Kansas | An abnormal Hb of molecular formula a2Ab2102Asn→Thr; found in association with familial cyanosis due to decreased oxygen affinity of this Hb. (05 Mar 2000) |
| haemoglobin Lepore | A group of abnormal Hb's with normal a chains, but the non-a chains consist of the N-terminal portion of the d chain joined to the C-terminal portion of the b chain, apparently as the result of nonhomologous pairing and crossing over between the genes for b and d chains. The major types are Hb LeporeBoston (identical to Hb LeporeWashington), Hb LeporeHollandia, and Hb LeporeBaltimore, which differ in the region of crossing over (d87-b116, d22-b50, and d50-b86, respectively). Heterozygotes form about 10% Hb Lepore, normal amounts of Hb A2, and moderately increased amounts of Hb F and usually have mild anaemia, microcytosis, and hypochromia; homozygotes form only Hb Lepore and Hb F and have severe anaemia. Compare: haemoglobin Anti-Lepore. (05 Mar 2000) |
| haemoglobin M | <chemical> A group of abnormal haemoglobins in which amino acid substitutions take place in either the alpha or beta chains but near the haem iron. This results in facilitated oxidation of the haemoglobin to yield excess methemoglobin which leads to cyanosis. Chemical name: Haemoglobin M (12 Dec 1998) |
| haemoglobin Portland | A form of embryonic haemoglobin containing the ζ chains of haemoglobin Gower-1 and the g chains of Hb F, thus having the formula ζ2g2; essentially disappears by the third month of pregnancy. Compare: haemoglobin Gower-1, haemoglobin Gower-2. (05 Mar 2000) |
| haemoglobin Rainier | An abnormal Hb of the molecular formula a2Ab2145Tyr→Cys; heterozygotes have polycythemia because of increased oxygen affinity of this Hb. (05 Mar 2000) |
| haemoglobin S | <haematology> Haemoglobin S is an abnormal version of the protein haemoglobin. The sixth amino acid of the normal beta chain, glutamic acid, is replaced by valine with gluconic acid. This mutation causes the red blood cell to take on a sickle shape, and is the cause of the sickle cell trait condition (when the individual is heterozygous for this mutant haemoglobin) and the disease of sickle cell anaemia (when the individual is homozygous for this mutant haemoglobin). (09 Oct 1997) |
| haemoglobin SC disease | <disease, haematology> A rare genetic disease of the haemoglobin. Consists of two abnormal haemoglobins: s and C. Estimated prevalence to be 0.04 to 0.13% in the African American population. Patients are anemic due to the premature breakdown of the blood cells in the spleen. Produces a sickle cell-like syndrome. Jaundice may be seen in some patients. Complications include thromboembolic disease, renal papillary necrosis, aseptic necrosis of the femoral (and humeral) head, increased rates of early spontaneous abortion (in pregnant women with SC disease) and proliferative retinopathy. There is no specific treatment other than supportive care. (27 Sep 1997) |