| 영문 | periodontal disease | 한글 | 치주병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 잇몸과 치아, 그리고 그 주위 뼈의 염증과 퇴행성 변화를 말함. 치료에 있어서 잇몸의 제거가 필수적이다. 잇몸의 제거는 새로운 잇몸의 생성을 조장한다. |
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| 영문 | Crohn's disease | 한글 | 크론병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 만성적이고 재발을 잘하는 창자의 염증을 특징으로 하는 병. 장의 벽은 안쪽에서부터 점막, 점막하조직, 근육층, 장막의 4개의 층으로 이루어져 있는데, 크론병은 이 모든 층의 염증을 동반한다. 장의 모든 부분에서 생길 수가 있지만 주로 막창자와 연결되는 큰창자의 말단부에 가장 많이 생긴다. 창자의 전층의 염증으로 인해서 장의 폐쇄나 괴양을 만들며 종종 천공된다. |
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| 영문 | Paget's disease | 한글 | 파제트병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1. 뼈파제트병. 변형성 뼈염. 뼈흡수 후 뼈형성이 반복적으로 과도하게 일어나는 것으로, 새롭게 형성된 뼈는 무질서하고 구조적으로 견고하지 못하다. 뼈흡수의 증가가 반복되고 이어서 과잉보수를 꾀하여 약하고 변형된 뼈의 부피가 증가되는 것을 특징으로 하는 뼈병이다. 궁둥뼈의 만곡, 편평뼈의 변형을 일으키고, 동통 및 병적 골절을 수반한다. 2. 유방파제트병. 젖꽃판 및 젖꼭지의 염증성 암성 질병으로서 보통은 젖샘 및 유방 깊은 곳의 암을 동반한다. 보통 중년부인에게 발생한다. |
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| 영문 | Parkinson disease | 한글 | 파킨슨병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 나이든 사람에게 발생하는 신경계의 퇴행병이다. 주로 운동을 담당하는 중간뇌부위가 침범된다. 원인은 바이러스, 약물, 혹은 동맥경화증 등으로 알려진 경우도 있으나, 원인을 알 수 없는 경우가 많다. 증상은 가면얼굴, 쓰러질 것 같은 걸음걸이, 손떨림, 근육의 강직, 앞으로 기울어진 자세 등임. 치료는 특별한 것이 없으며, 대개 보존적 치료(완치를 목적으로 하지 않고 단지 환자의 생활을 보조해주는 정도의 치료)를 시행한다. 최근, 죽은 태아의 뇌를 이식하는 뇌 이식술에 의한 치료효과가 높다는 보고가 있다. |
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| 영문 | endemic disease | 한글 | 풍토병 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간사회에 항상 존재하지만 특수한 기후나 토질로 인하여 특정지역에만 존재하는 사망률이 낮고, 임상적으로도 드물게 볼 수 있는 병. 특히 그 토지의 풍토-기후-생물-토양 등의 자연환경과 그 지방 주민의 풍속-습관-인습 등이 복잡하게 얽혀서 생긴 특수한 병을 가리킨다. 일반적으로 그 지방 주민의 사망률은 그다지 높지 않지만 근절되기 어려운 것이 특징이다. 지방병이라는 말은 어느 지방에 한정하여 볼 수 있는 병이라는 점에서는 같지만, 풍토환경과 밀접한 관계가 있다는 데서 보면 풍토병이라는 용어가 적절하다. 국내적으로는 쯔쯔가무시병, 야생토끼병, 렙토스피라증 등이 알려져 있고, 세계적으로는 말라리아, 황열, 페트스, 일본주혈흡충증 등이 알려져 있다. |
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| BC | Bachelor of Surgery [Lat. Baccal-aureus Chirurgiae]; back care; bactericidal concentration; basal ce... |
|---|---|
| BCC | basal-cell carcinoma; biliary cholesterol concentration; birth control clinic |
| BCO | biliary cholesterol output |
| EHBA | extrahepatic biliary atresia |
| PBC | peripheral blood cell; point of basal convergence; pre-bed care; primary biliary cirrhosis; progesti... |
| prepyramidal tract | A somatotopically organised fibre bundle, relatively small in humans, arising from the red nucleus, immediately crossing in the ventral tegmental decussation, descending near the lateral surface of the brainstem into the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord at the ventral border of the lateral pyramidal tract. It terminates in the zona intermedia of the spinal cord where its distribution coincides with that of the lateral pyramidal tract; in contrast to the latter it appears not to have direct connections with spinal motor neurons. Impulses conveyed by this tract indirectly increase flexor muscle tone. Synonym: tractus rubrospinalis, Monakow's bundle, Monakow's tract, prepyramidal tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| Hoche's tract | A compact bundle composed of descending branches of posterior root fibres located near the border between the fasciculi gracilis and cuneatus of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord; it corresponds to the septomarginal fasciculus, Hoche's tract, or oval area of Flechsig in the lumbar, and to the triangle of Philippe-Gombault in the sacral spinal segments; like these, it can be demonstrated only in cases of demyelination resulting from dorsal root lesions. Synonym: fasciculus semilunaris, fasciculus interfascicularis, comma bundle of Schultze, comma tract of Schultze, interfascicular fasciculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sensory tract | See: lemniscus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| septomarginal tract | See: semilunar fasciculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pyramidal tract | A massive bundle of fibres originating from pyramidal cells of various sizes in the fifth layer of the precentral motor (area 4), the premotor area (area 6), and to a lesser extent from the postcentral gyrus. Cells of origin in area 4 include the gigantopyramidal cells of Betz. Fibres from these cortical regions descend through the internal capsule, the middle third of the crus cerebri, and the ventral part of the pons to emerge on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata as the pyramis. Continuing caudally, most of the fibres cross to the opposite side in the pyramidal decussation and descend in the dorsal half of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord as the lateral pyramidal tract, which distributes its fibres throughout the length of the spinal cord to interneurons of the zona intermedia of the spinal gray matter. In the (extremity-related) spinal cord enlargements, fibres also pass directly to motoneuronal groups that innervate distal extremity muscles subserving particular hand-and-finger or foot-and-toe movements. The uncrossed fibres form a small bundle, the anterior pyramidal tract, which descends in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord and terminates in synaptic contact with interneurons in the medial half of the anterior horn on both sides of the spinal cord. Interruption of the pyramidal tract at or below its cortical origin causes impairment of movement in the opposite body-half, especially severe in the arm and leg; characterised by muscular weakness, spasticity and hyperreflexia, and a loss of discrete finger and hand movements. Babinski's sign is associated with this condition of hemiplegia. Synonym: tractus corticospinalis, tractus pyramidalis, corticospinal tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| hypothalamohypophysial tract | A bundle of unmyelinated fibres originating from all cells of the supraoptic nucleus and an estimated 20% of those of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, which extend through the infundibulum and pituitary stalk to their endings in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis; the fibres convey neurosecretory substances, vasopressin and oxytocin, which are stored in (and can be released into the circulating blood from) their terminals. See: hypophysis, neurosecretion. Synonym: tractus supraopticohypophysialis, hypothalamohypophysial tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| solitary tract | A slender, compact fibre bundle extending longitudinally through the dorsolateral region of the medullary tegmentum, surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, below the obex decussating over the central canal, and descending over some distance into the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. It is composed of primary sensory fibres that enter with the vagus, glossopharyngeal, and facial nerves, and in part convey information from stretch receptors and chemoreceptors in the walls of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and intestinal tracts; in rostral parts of the tract impulses are generated by the receptor cells of the taste buds in the mucosa of the tongue. Its fibres are distributed to the nucleus of the solitary tract. Synonym: tractus solitarius, fasciculus rotundus, fasciculus solitarius, funiculus solitarius, Gierke's respiratory bundle, Krause's respiratory bundle, round fasciculus, solitary bundle, solitary fasciculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sphincteroid tract of ileum | The thickening of the circular muscular coat at the base of the ileal papilla at the terminal ileum. Synonym: sphincteroid tract of ileum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinal tract | Any one of a multitude of fibre bundles ascending or descending in the spinal cord. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinal tract of trigeminal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> A compact fibre bundle, comma-shaped on transverse section, composed of primary sensory fibres of the portio major of the trigeminal nerve, descending from the level of the entrance of the trigeminus in the upper pons down through the dorsolateral region of the rhombencephalic tegmentum along the lateral side of the descending or spinal nucleus of the trigeminus, emerging on the dorsolateral surface of the lower medulla oblongata as the tuberculum cinereum, and continuing as far as the second cervical segment of the spinal cord. Its fibres are distributed to the descending or spinal nucleus of the trigeminus. Synonym: tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, descending tract of trigeminal nerve, tractus descendens nervi trigemini. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinocervicothalamic tract | A tract composed of axons that originate from laminae III-V, ascend ipsilaterally to the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) where they synapse, LCN neurons project to the contralateral thalamus via the medial lemniscus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spino-olivary tract | Multiple spinal tracts terminating in the accessory olivary nuclei. See: olivospinal tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinoreticular tract | Nerve fibres originating from the spinal cord and terminating in the reticular formation of the brainstem. Synonym: spinoreticular tract. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinotectal tract | The relatively small component of the spinothalamic tractus that terminates in the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus and in parts of the periaqueductal gray. Synonym: tractus spinotectalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinothalamic tract | A large ascending fibre bundle in the ventral half of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord, arising from cells in the posterior horn at all levels of the cord, which cross within their segments of origin in the white commissure. In their contralateral ascent, the bundle is intermingled with numerous intersegmental fibres. The spinothalamic tract continues from the spinal cord into the brainstem, occupying a ventrolateral position and issuing numerous fibres to the rhombencephalic and mesencephalic reticular formation, to the lateral part of the central gray substance of the mesencephalon, and to the deep and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus; the relatively few fibres (10 to 20%) that remain form the true spinothalamic tract which enters the diencephalon and ends in the nucleus ventralis posterior (caudal part) and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. In its ascent in the spinal cord the tract is composed of a dorsal part, the lateral spinothalamic tract, which conveys impulses associated with pain and temperature sensation, and a more ventral part, the anterior spinsothalamic tract, involved in tactile sensation. Synonym: lemniscus spinalis, spinal lemniscus, tractus spinothalamicus. (05 Mar 2000) |