| slow ray | <microscopy> The slower of the two rays created by a crystal or fibre and the one that travels the path of higher refractive index. (05 Aug 1998) |
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| spectrometry, X-ray emission | Identification and measurement of concentration of elements based on the fact that X-rays emitted by an excited element have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It includes fluorescence, or secondary-emission, X-ray spectrometry, in which the specimen is irradiated by X-rays. Primary-emission x-ray spectrometry, in which the specimen is bombarded by electrons, is a specific type of X-ray emission spectrometry known as electron probe microanalysis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| stereoscopic microscope | <instrument> A microscope having double eyepieces and objectives and thus independent light paths, giving a three-dimensional image. (05 Mar 2000) |
| stroboscopic microscope | <instrument> A microscope that has a light source that flashes at a constant rate so that an analysis of the motility of an object may be made; it may be used for high speed or low speed (time-lapse) cinephotomicrography. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dark-field microscope | <instrument> A microscope that has a special condenser and objective with a diaphragm or stop that scatters light from the object observed, with the result that the object appears bright on a dark background. (05 Mar 2000) |
| surgical microscope | <instrument> A binocular microscope used to obtain good visualization of fine structures in the operating field; in the standing type of microscope, a motorised zoom lens system operated by hand or foot controls provides an adjustable working distance; in headborne models, interchangeable oculars provide the magnification needed. Synonym: operating microscope. (05 Mar 2000) |
| densitometry, X-ray | Measurement of the degree of darkening of X-ray film by means of a photocell which measures light transmission through the film. (12 Dec 1998) |
| incident ray | The ray that strikes the surface before reflection. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infrared microscope | <instrument> A microscope that is equipped with infrared transmitting optics and that measures the infrared absorption of minute samples with the aid of photoelectric cells; images may be observed with image converters or television. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infrared ray | See: infrared. (05 Mar 2000) |
| interference microscope | <instrument> A specially constructed microscope in which the entering light is split into two beams which pass through the specimen and are recombined in the image plane where the interference effects make the transparent (invisible) refractile object details become visible as intensity differences; permits measurements of light retardation, index of refraction, and thickness and mass of specimen; it is useful in the examination of living or unstained cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inverted microscope | <instrument, microscopy> A microscope so arranged that the line of sight is directed upward through the objective to the object. (05 Aug 1998) |
| opaque microscope | <instrument> A microscope with a condenser built around the objective; used for the investigation of opaque, or only slightly translucent, minute specimens. Synonym: opaque microscope. (05 Mar 2000) |
| operating microscope | <instrument> A binocular microscope used to obtain good visualization of fine structures in the operating field; in the standing type of microscope, a motorised zoom lens system operated by hand or foot controls provides an adjustable working distance; in headborne models, interchangeable oculars provide the magnification needed. Synonym: operating microscope. (05 Mar 2000) |
| optical microscope | <instrument, microscopy> A very ambiguous term since all microscopes involve optics, better to specify light, acoustic, X-ray or electron microscope, etc. (05 Aug 1998) |