| bacteriology | <study> The study of a group of single-celled procaryotic organisms called bacteria. (09 Oct 1997) |
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| bacteriolysin | Specific antibody that combines with bacterial cells (i.e., antigen) and, in the presence of complement, causes lysis or dissolution of the cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bacteriolysis | Disruption of the structural integrity of a bacterial cell resulting in release of the cell contents. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bacteriolytic | Pertaining to lytic destruction of bacteria; manifesting the ability to cause dissolution of bacterial cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bacteriolytic serum | An antiserum (bacteriolysin) that sensitises a bacterium to the lytic action of complement. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bacteriolyze | To cause the digestion or solution of bacterial cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bacteriopexy | Immobilization of bacteria by phagocytic cells. Origin: bacterio-+ G. Pexis, fixation (05 Mar 2000) |
| bacteriophaeophytin b | <microbiology> One of the components of the bacterial photosynthetic reaction centre. (See ubiquinone.) (18 Nov 1997) |
| bacteriophage | <microbiology, virology> Viruses that have a specific affinity for and infect bacteria. The bacteriophages that attack Escherichia coli are termed coliphages, examples of these are lambda phage and the T even phages, T2, T4 and T6. Basically, phages consist of a protein coat or capsid enclosing the genetic material, DNA or RNA, that is injected into the bacterium upon infection. In the case of virulent phages all synthesis of host DNA, RNA and proteins ceases and the phage genome is used to direct the synthesis of phage nucleic acids and proteins using the host's transcriptional and translational apparatus. These phage components then self assemble to form new phage particles. The synthesis of a phage lysozyme leads to rupture of the bacterial cell wall releasing, typically 100-200 phage progeny. The temperate phages, such as lambda, may also show this lytic cycle when they infect a cell, but more frequently they induce lysogeny. The study of bacteriophages has been important for our understanding of gene structure and regulation. Lambda has been extensively used as a vector in recombinant DNA studies. (15 Nov 1997) |
| bacteriophage 2 depolymerase | <enzyme> Hydrolyzes glycolipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides; releases aminosugars Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- Synonym: phage 2 depolymerase (26 Jun 1999) |
| bacteriophage immunity | The state induced in a bacterium by lysogenization, the lysogenic bacterium being insusceptible to further lysogenization or to a lytic cycle by a superinfecting bacteriophage, in contradistinction to bacteriophage resistance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bacteriophage lambda | <microbiology, virology> A bacteriophage, or virus which infects bacteria, that infects E. Coli. It has a complex set of regulatory mechanisms to determine whether it will quietly insert its DNA into the bacterial genome to become dormant and to be reproduced whenever the bacterium reproduces (to lysogenize), or whether it will hijack the bacterium's cellular machinery to reproduce itself and prepare to infect more bacteria, causing the bacterium to self-destruct shortly after infection (to lyse). Lambda is particularly useful to geneticists because parts of it can be used to introduce foreign DNA into the bacterial genome, it is a cloning vector. (09 Oct 1997) |
| bacteriophage m13 | <microbiology> A bacteriophage (a virus which infects bacteria) that has single-stranded DNA. It is used as a method of obtaining single strands of foreign DNA so that the foreign DNA can be sequenced (that is, the order of its nucleotide bases can be determined). It is also used in procedures to create mutations in vitro (in a test tube rather than within an organism). (09 Oct 1997) |
| bacteriophage mu | An unassigned species of temperate coliphage, in the family myoviridae, composed of a linear, double-stranded molecule of DNA, which is able to insert itself at random at any point on the host chromosome. It frequently causes a mutation by interrupting the continuity of the bacterial operon at the site of insertion. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bacteriophage omicron x174 | <microbiology> A bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) which has as its genetic material DNA in single strands instead of the usual double strands. The virus is useful to those who study how DNA replicates. (09 Oct 1997) |
Synonyms : IKe Phages, Phage, IKe, Phages, IKe
Synonyms :
Synonyms : M13 Phages, M13, Coliphage, Phage, M13, Phage, fd, Phages, M13, Phages, fd, fd Phages
Synonyms : mu Phages
Synonyms : N4 Phages, Phage, N4, Phages, N4
| bacterial protein |
a protein formed by bacterial activity.
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| bactericidal permeability increasing protein |
(BPI) a cationic 59-kD antibacterial protein occurring in neutrophil granules; it causes phospholipase activation and phospholipid degradation and increases the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane.
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| bacteriotoxic endometritis |
endometritis caused by the toxins of bacteria, as distinguished from that caused by the presence of the organisms themselves.
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| bacterial capsule |
an envelope of gel surrounding a bacterial cell, usually polysaccharide but sometimes polypeptide in nature, which is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria.
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| bacterial virus |
a virus capable of producing transmissible lysis of bacteria; the virus particle attaches to the bacterial cell wall and viral nucleoprotein enters the cell, resulting in the synthesis of virus and its liberation on physical disruption of the cell. Bacterial viruses are usually specific for bacterial species, but they may be strain-specific or may infect more than one species of bacteria. Called also bacteriophage or phage. See Twort-d'Herelle phenomenon, under phenomenon.
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