| A2-OS | aortic second sound, opening snap |
|---|---|
| A2 P2 | aortic second sound; pulmonary second sound |
| AA | abdominal aorta; acetic acid; achievement age; active alcoholic; active assistive [range of motion];... |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm/aneurysmectomy; acne-associated arthritis; acquired aplastic anemia; acute... |
| AAS | Aarskog-Scott [syndrome]; acid aspiration syndrome; alcoholic abstinence syndrome; American Academy ... |
| supravalvular aortic stenosis | <radiology> Types: localised hourglass narrowing just above aortic sinuses, discrete fibrous membrane above sinuses of Valsalva, diffuse tubular hypoplasia of ascending aorta and branching arteries associated with: peripheral pulmonary stenosis, valvular and discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis, Marfan syndrome, Williams syndrome findings: dilatation and tortuosity of coronary arteries (may undergo early atherosclerotic degeneration secondary to high pressure), narrowing of the supravalvular area (normal root diameter: 20-37mm), normal movement of cusps (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| double aortic arch | Congenital malformation of the aorta that splits and has a right and a left arch instead of a single arch. (05 Mar 2000) |
| double aortic stenosis | Subaortic stenosis associated with stenosis of the valve itself, both lesions being congenital. (05 Mar 2000) |
| intra-aortic balloon | An externally and intermittently inflatable balloon placed into the descending aorta and which, on activation during diastole, augments blood pressure and organ perfusion by its pulsatile thrust; then, on deflation, decreases the cardiac work with each systole-the so-called counterpulsation principle-by reducing cardiac afterload. (05 Mar 2000) |
| intra-aortic balloon pump | <cardiology, equipment> A device which is threaded into the aorta that augments the strength of the hearts contraction. The counter pulsation, produced by the inflation of a balloon within the aorta, provides an rhythmic increase in aortic pressures. The net effect is an increase in coronary artery blood flow. Intra-aortic balloon pump is a temporary lifesaving measure that is used to treat severe cardiac damage due to a massive heart attack. (27 Sep 1997) |
| intra-aortic balloon pumping | Counterpulsation in which a pumping unit synchronised with the patient's electrocardiogram rapidly fills a balloon in the aorta with helium or carbon dioxide in early diastole and evacuates the balloon at the onset of systole. As the balloon inflates, it raises aortic diastolic pressure, and as it deflates, it lowers aortic systolic pressure. The result is a decrease in left ventricular work and increased myocardial and peripheral perfusion. (12 Dec 1998) |
| thoracic aortic aneurysm | <radiology> Normal size: 4-5 cm, most aneurysms rupture when more than 10 cm, mean age: 65 years; M:F = 3:1 associated with: hypertension, coronary artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm symptoms: substernal, back, shoulder pain (25%), superior vena cava syndrome, dysphagia, stridor, dyspnea, hoarseness see: aortic aneurysm (12 Dec 1998) |
| thoracic aortic plexus | An autonomic plexus surrounding the thoracic aorta and passing with it through the aortic opening in the diaphragm, to become continuous with the abdominal aortic plexus. Synonym: plexus aorticus thoracicus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| familial aortic ectasia | <cardiology, syndrome> The concurrence as an autosomal dominant trait of bicuspid aortic valve often with premature calcification, ectasia and dissection of the aorta and, rarely, coarctation of the aorta. Superficially resembles the Marfan's syndrome. Synonym: familial aortic ectasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| familial aortic ectasia syndrome | <cardiology, syndrome> The concurrence as an autosomal dominant trait of bicuspid aortic valve often with premature calcification, ectasia and dissection of the aorta and, rarely, coarctation of the aorta. Superficially resembles the Marfan's syndrome. Synonym: familial aortic ectasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| abducens nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The 6th cranial nerve. The abducens nerve originates in the abducens nucleus of the pons and sends motor fibres to the lateral rectus muscles of the eye. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control. (12 Dec 1998) |
| abducent nerve | <anatomy> The abducent nerve enervates a muscle which moves the eyeball. Lesions of the sixth cranial nerve result in deviation of the eyeball outward and double vision. Synonym: cranial nerve VI. (27 Sep 1997) |
| accessory nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The accessory nerve enervates the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. Lesions of the eleventh result in drooping of the shoulder and inability to rotate the head away from the affected side. Synonym: cranial nerve XI. (27 Sep 1997) |
| accessory nerve lymph nodes | The nodes of the lateral deep cervical group that are located along the accessory nerve; their efferent vessels pass to the supraclavicular lymph nodes. Synonym: companion lymph nodes of accessory nerve, nodi lymphatici comitantes nervi accessorii. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory nerve trunk | Part of the accessory nerve formed within the cranial cavity by the union of the cranial and spinal roots, which then divides within the jugular foramen into internal and external branches, the former uniting with the vagus, the latter exiting the foramen as in independent branch which is commonly considered to be the accessory nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |