| bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma | <tumour> A carcinoma, thought to be derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli; involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular; microscopically, the neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures; mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells; metastases in regional lymph nodes, and even in more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. Synonym: alveolar cell carcinoma, bronchiolar adenocarcinoma, bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| macrophages, alveolar | Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| median maxillary anterior alveolar cleft | <anatomy> An asymptomatic midline defect of the maxillary anterior ridge; the result of a failure of fusion or development of the lateral halves of the palate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar | A form of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring mainly in adolescents and young adults, affecting muscles of the extremities, trunk, orbital region, etc. It is extremely malignant, metastasizing widely at an early stage. Few cures have been achieved and the prognosis is poor. "alveolar" refers to its microscopic appearance simulating the cells of the respiratory alveolus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| great alveolar cells | Cuboidal cell's connected with the squamous pulmonary alveolar cell's and having in their cytoplasm lamellated bodies (cytosomes) that represent the source of the surfactant that coats the alveoli. Synonym: granular pneumonocytes, type II cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| middle superior alveolar branch of infraorbital nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The middle superior alveolar branch, a branch of the superior alveolar nerve that contributes to the superior dental plexus. Synonym: ramus alveolaris superior medius nervi infraorbitalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| minimal alveolar concentration | The end-alveolar concentration of an inhalation anaesthetic which prevents somatic response to a painful stimulus in 50% of individuals; an index of relative potency of inhalation anaesthetics. Synonym: minimal anaesthetic concentration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| crest of alveolar ridge | The top of the alveolar ridge or residual ridge; the highest continuous surface of the ridge, but not necessarily the centre of the ridge. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posterior alveolar artery | <anatomy, artery> Origin, 3rd part of maxillary artery within pterygopalatine fossa; distribution, molar and premolar teeth, gingiva and mucous membrane of maxillary sinus. Synonym: arteria alveolaris superior posterior, posterior alveolar artery, posterior dental artery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posterior superior alveolar artery | <anatomy, artery> Origin, 3rd part of maxillary artery within pterygopalatine fossa; distribution, molar and premolar teeth, gingiva and mucous membrane of maxillary sinus. Synonym: arteria alveolaris superior posterior, posterior alveolar artery, posterior dental artery. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posterior superior alveolar branches of maxillary nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The branches of the superior alveolar nerves that supply the maxillary sinus and the molar tooth. Synonym: rami alveolares superiores posteriores nervi maxillaris. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sarcoma, alveolar soft part | A variety of sarcoma having a reticulated fibrous stroma enclosing groups of sarcoma cells, which resemble epithelial cells and are enclosed in alveoli walled with connective tissue. It is a rare tumour, usually occurring between 15 and 35 years of age. It appears in the muscles of the extremities in adults and most commonly in the head and neck region of children. Though slow-growing, it commonly metastasizes to the lungs, brain, bones, and lymph nodes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| segmental alveolar osteotomy | An intraoral surgical procedure in which segments of alveolar bone containing teeth are sectioned between, and apically to, the teeth for the repositioning of the alveolus and teeth; it may be maxillary or mandibular, and may be combined with ostectomy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | <radiology> Overproduction of surfactant which can lead to alveolar (end-air-space) filling, peak age: 20 - 50 yrs, 33% asymptomatic, treatment: lavage Findings: bat-wing alveolar infiltrate, no interstitial disease, no adenopathy (12 Dec 1998) |
| squamous alveolar cells | Highly attentuated squamous cell's that form the gas-permeable epithelium lining the alveoli of the lungs. Synonym: type I cells. (05 Mar 2000) |