| tropical sore | Infection with promastigotes (leptomonads) of Leishmania tropica and of leishmaniasis major inoculated into the skin by the bite of an infected sandfly, Phlebotomus (commonly P. Papatasi); it is endemic in parts of Asia Minor, northern Africa, and India, and is known by innumerable names, each indicating its locality (e.g., Aleppo, Baghdad, Delhi, or Jericho boil; Aden ulcer; Biskra button); the ulcer begins as a papule that enlarges to a nodule and then breaks down into an ulcer. Two distinctive clinical and epidemiological diseases are recognised, the more common and widespread zoonotic rural disease with a moist acute form, caused by L. Major, with reservoir rodent hosts; and an urban, anthroponotic, dry, chronic form of leishmaniasis caused by leishmaniasis tropica, without a reservoir host, and now largely controlled. See: zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Synonym: juccuya, Old World leishmaniasis, tropical sore. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| tropical splenomegaly | A chronic disease, occurring in India, Assam, China, the area formerly known as the Mediterranean littoral areas, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China, South and Central America, Asia, Africa caused by Leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of an appropriate species of sandfly of the genus Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia; the organisms grow and multiply in macrophages, eventually causing them to burst and liberate amastigote parasites which then invade other macrophages; proliferation of macrophages in the bone marrow causes crowding out of erythroid and myeloid elements, resulting in leukopenia, and anaemia, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly which are characteristic, along with enlargement of lymph nodes; fever, fatigue, malaise, and secondary infections also occur; different strains of leishmaniasis donovani occur; leishmaniasis infantum in Eurasia, leishmaniasis chagasi in Latin America. Synonym: Assam fever, black sickness, Burdwan fever, cachectic fever, Dumdum fever, kala azar, tropical splenomegaly. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tropical splenomegaly syndrome | A syndrome characterised by persistent splenomegaly, exceptionally high serum IgM and malaria antibody levels, and hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytosis; believed to be a disturbance in the T-lymphocyte control of the humoral response to recurrent malaria. Synonym: tropical splenomegaly syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tropical typhus | See Typhus, scrub. (12 Dec 1998) |
| tropical ulcer | The lesion occurring in cutaneous leishmaniasis, tropical phagedenic ulceration caused by a variety of microorganisms, including mycobacteria; common in northern Nigeria. Synonym: tropical sore. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tropicamide | <chemical> A muscarinic antagonist with pharmacologic action similar to atropine and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic. It may cause closed-angle glaucoma. Pharmacological action: muscarinic antagonists, mydriatics, parasympatholytics. Chemical name: Benzeneacetamide, N-ethyl-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-N-(4-pyridinylmethyl)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| tropidine | <chemistry> An alkaloid, C8H13N, obtained by the chemical dehydration of tropine, as an oily liquid having a coninelike odour. See: Tropine. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| tropilidene | <chemistry> A liquid hydrocarbon obtained by the dry distillation of tropine with quicklime. It is regarded as being homologous with dipropargyl. See: Tropine. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| tropine | <chemistry> A white crystalline alkaloid, C8H15NO, produced by decomposing atropine. Origin: From Atropine. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| tropine dehydrogenase | <enzyme> A stereospecific reductase; catalyses the reduction of tropinone to tropine (tropan-3alpha-ol); shares 64% amino acid sequence identity with tropinone reductase II, the pseudotropine-forming reductase Registry number: EC 1.1.1.206 Synonym: tropine-forming reductase, tropinone reductase i (26 Jun 1999) |
| tropine mandelate | <medicine> An alkaloid, prepared from atropine, and from other sources. It is chemically related to atropine, and is used for the same purpose. Origin: Homo- + atropine. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| tropine tropate | <drug> A toxic alkaloid extracted from belladonna and other members of thenightshade family, it is typically used to dilate the eye and to stopmuscular spasms. Pharmacologic action: Parasympatholytic. Competitive blockade of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Increases sinus node automaticity and AV conduction. Uses: Treat bradycardia, asystole, and AV block Dose: 0.5 - 1.0 mg for bradycardia every 3 - 5 min to a total dose of 0.04 mg/kg. Doses smaller than 0.5 mg can cause a paradoxical bradycardia due to sympathomimetic effects Typically 3 mg is adequate to completely block vagal effects Atropine is well absorbed via endotracheal route - administer 1-2 mg diluted in 10 mL sterile water or normal saline. Potential complications: 1. Tachyarrhythmias 2. Exacerbation of myocardial ischemia 3. Low dose may cause paradoxical bradycardia 4. Dry mouth, urinary retention, flushed and hot skin 5. Crosses blood-brain barrier which can cause delirium Note: The denervated heart will not respond to atropine. (15 Mar 2000) |
| tropinone reductase | <enzyme> A stereospecific reductase; reduces tropinone to pseudotropine (tropan-3beta-ol); belongs to the NADPH-dependent, class b oxidoreductases; see also the stereospecifically opposite tropinone reductase I (tropine-forming reductase) Registry number: EC 1.1.1.236 Synonym: tropinone reductase II, pseudotropine-forming reductase (26 Jun 1999) |
| tropism | <biology> The movement of an organism in response to an external source of stimulus, usually toward or away from it. Examples of stimuli are light, heat, food, or chemicals. (09 Oct 1997) |
| tropocollagen | <protein> Subunit from which collagen fibrils self assemble: generated from procollagen by proteolytic cleavage of the extension peptides. (18 Nov 1997) |
| troponin |
tro-PO-nin A type of protein in thin myofilaments of skeletal muscle cells. 695
출처: www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/life/glossaryt.mhtml
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| trophic |
Relates to position of organisms in the food chain of an ecosystem based on type of food supply required.
출처: www.deh.gov.au/coasts/mpa/macquarie/plan/glossary....
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| trophic |
Relating to processes of energy and nutrient transfer from one or more organisms to others in an ecosystem.
출처: www.reefed.edu.au/glossary/t.html
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| tropical |
Refers to the tropics, or to an area or climate where temperatures do not go below freezing, and it is warm enough to support plant growth all year long.
출처: www.ecohealth101.org/glossary.html
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| trophic |
Pertaining to nutrition or to a position in a food web, food chain, or food pyramid.
출처: biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/zy198.htm
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