| sodium aurothiosulfate | <chemical> An antirheumatic agent with the same actions and uses as gold sodium thiomalate. Pharmacological action: antirheumatic agents, gold. Chemical name: Aurate(3-), bis(monothiosulfato(2-)-O,S)-, trisodium, (T-4)- (12 Dec 1998) |
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| sodium azide | <chemical> A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. Pharmacological action: enzyme inhibitors, indicators and reagents, mutagens, vasodilator agents. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sodium benzoate | C6H5COONa;used in chronic and acute rheumatism and as a liver function test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium bicarbonate | <chemical> Carbonic acid monosodium salt (CHNaO3). A white, crystalline powder that is used as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkaliser. It is applied topically in solution to wash the nose, mouth, or vagina, and as a cleansing enema. Pharmacologic action: Acid neutralization. Uses: Preexisting metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, tricyclic or phenobarbital overdose. Dose in mEq: 0.3 * (base deficit) * (wt in kg). Potential complications: Metabolic alkalosis, hypercarbia, hyperosmolar state. Note: Since HCO3- does not cross cell membranes and CO2 does, the administration of bicarbonate may actually make tissues more acidotic. Chemical name: Carbonic acid monosodium salt. (12 Mar 2000) |
| sodium biphosphate | NaH2PO4-H2O;used to increase urinary acidity. Synonym: primary sodium phosphate, sodium acid phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium bisulfite | NaHSO3;acid sodium sulfite, used in gastric and intestinal fermentation, externally in the treatment of parasitic diseases, and as an antioxidant in certain injections (s. Metabisulfite). Synonym: sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium pyrosulfite. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium borate | Na2B4O7-10H2O;used in lotions, gargles, mouthwashes, and as a detergent. Synonym: borax, sodium pyroborate, sodium tetraborate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium bromide | NaBr;a hypnotic and sedative; used in epilepsy and other functional disorders of the nervous system. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium cacodylate | (CH3)2AsOONa-3H2O;used in anaemia, leukaemia, and malaria. Synonym: sodium dimethylarsenate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium-calcium exchanger | An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sodium carbonate | Na2CO3-10H2O;used in the treatment of scaly skin diseases; otherwise rarely used in medicine because of its irritant action. Synonym: sal soda, soda, washing soda. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium carboxymethyl cellulose | The sodium salt of a polycarboxymethyl ether of cellulose; used as a laxative. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sodium channel | <neurology, physiology> The protein responsible for electrical excitability of neurons. A transmembrane ion channel, containing an aqueous pore around 0.4nm diameter, with a negatively charged region internally (the selectivity filter) to block passage of anions. The channel is voltage gated: it opens in response to a small depolarisation of the cell (usually caused by an approaching action potential), by a multistep process. Around 1000 sodium ions pass in the next millisecond, before the channel spontaneously closes (an event with single step kinetics). The channel is then refractory to further depolarisations until returned to near the resting potential. There are around 100 channels per square micron in unmyelinated axons, in myelinated axons, they are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier. The sodium channel is the target of many of the deadliest neurotoxins. (18 Nov 1997) |
| sodium channels | Cell membrane glycoproteins selective for sodium ions. Fast sodium current is associated with the action potential in neural membranes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| sodium chloride | <chemical> Table salt, NaCL. (09 Oct 1997) |