| FIN | fine intestinal needle |
|---|---|
| FIPA | familial intestinal polyatresia [syndrome] |
| GPIMH | guinea pig intestinal mucosal homogenate |
| HIE | human intestinal epithelium; hyper-IgE [syndrome]; hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy |
| HIPO | hemihypertrophy, intestinal web, preauricular skin tag, and congenital corneal opacity [syndrome]; H... |
| beta-adrenergic receptors | Adrenergic receptor's in effector tissues capable of selective activation and blockade by drugs; conceptually derived from the ability of certain agents, such as propranolol, to block only some adrenergic receptor's and of other agents, such as isoproterenol, to activate only the same adrenergic receptor's. Such receptor's are designated as beta-receptors. Their activation results in physiological responses such as increases in cardiac rate and force of contraction (b1), and relaxation of bronchial and vascular smooth muscle (b2). (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| mannose-6-phosphate receptors | Receptors in Golgi apparatus to which newly synthesised proteins that are destined to enter lysosomes bind. (05 Mar 2000) |
| receptors, adrenergic | Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of g-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, alpha | One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors. The alpha-beta distinction was originally based on cellular effects of receptor activation but now relies on the relative affinities for certain synthetic ligands. Alpha-adrenergic receptors are further subdivided into several subclasses based on studies of endogenous and cloned receptors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, alpha-1 | A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors (receptors, adrenergic, alpha). Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors can be pharmacologically discriminated, e.g., by their high affinity for the agonist phenylephrine and the antagonist prazosin. They are widespread, with clinically important concentrations in the liver, the heart, vascular, intestinal, and genitourinary smooth muscle, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, alpha-2 | A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors (receptors, adrenergic, alpha). Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors can be pharmacologically discriminated, e.g., by their high affinity for the agonist clonidine and the antagonist yohimbine. They are found on pancreatic beta cells, platelets, and vascular smooth muscle, as well as both pre- and postsynaptically in the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, beta | One of the two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The alpha-beta distinction was originally based on the cellular effects of receptor activation but now relies on the relative affinities for characteristic synthetic ligands. Beta adrenergic receptors are further subdivided based on information from endogenous and cloned receptors. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, beta-1 | A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (receptors, adrenergic, beta). Beta-1 adrenergic receptors are equally sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine and bind the agonist dobutamine and the antagonist metoprolol with high affinity. They are found in the heart, juxtaglomerular cells, and in the central and peripheral nervous systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, adrenergic, beta-2 | A subclass of beta-adrenergic receptors (receptors, adrenergic, beta). Beta-2 adrenergic receptors are more sensitive to epinephrine than to norepinephrine and have a high affinity for the agonist terbutaline. They are widespread, with clinically important roles in skeletal muscle, liver, and vascular, bronchial, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary smooth muscle. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, albumin | Cell surface proteins that bind albumin with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, aldosterone | Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind aldosterone and mediate its cellular effects. The aldosterone-bound receptor acts in the nucleus to regulate the transcription of specific segments of DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, amino acid | Cell surface proteins that bind amino acids and trigger changes which influence the behaviour of cells. Glutamate receptors are the most common receptors for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system, and gaba and glycine receptors are the most common receptors for fast inhibition. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, ampa | Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and directly gate ion channels in cell membranes. Ampa receptors were originally discriminated from other glutamate receptors by their affinity for the agonist ampa (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid). They are probably the most common mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Several subtypes have been cloned, and for some types the traditional distinction from kainate receptors may not apply. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, androgen | Proteins, generally found in the cytoplasm, that specifically bind androgens and mediate their cellular actions. The complex of the androgen and receptor migrates to the nucleus where it induces transcription of specific segments of DNA. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, angiotensin | Cell surface proteins that bind angiotensins and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. (12 Dec 1998) |