| 영문 | psychiatric disorder(s) | 한글 | 정신질환 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 정신상태에 이상이 있는 질환으로, 정신분열병, 정동장애, 인격장애 등이 있다. |
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| 영문 | TNM staging system | 한글 | 종양병기분류계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 종양의 병기(stage)를 결정하는 한 방법. T는 Tumor(종양)를 뜻하며 원발병터의 크기, 주위조직으로의 침윤정도 등에 따라 T1, T2, T3, T4(숫자가 높을 수록 주위로 침윤이 많다) 등으로 나눈다. N은 Node(림프절)를 뜻하며 침범된 림프절의 갯수, 크기, 위치 등에 따라 N1, N2, N3 등으로 나눈다. M은 Metastasis(전이)를 뜻하며 원격전이의 유무에 따라 M0, M1 등으로 나눈다. 이상의 방법으로 T, N, M이 결정되면 이들을 조합하여 최종적인 병기를 결정한다. 이렇게 결정된 병기는 치료 방침 결정과 예후 판단에 매우 중요하다. |
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| 영문 | central nervous system(CNS) | 한글 | 중추신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경계는 중추신경계와 말초신경계로 분류할 수가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수로 구성되어 있는 신경계를 이르는 말이다. 말초신경계란 이 이외의 모든 신경계를 이르는 말이다. |
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| 영문 | learning disorder | 한글 | 학습장애 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 지능은 정상이지만 듣기, 말하기, 읽기, 쓰기, 추리 또는 계산능력에 심각한 문제가 나타나는 여러 장애들을 일컫는 용어. 이로 인해 학업성적 및 자신감 저하, 대인관계에서도 사교 능력이 미숙하여 일상생활의 모든 면에서 문제가 나타난다. 성인기 사회적응력에도 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 행동장애, 주의력결핍, 과잉운동장애, 우울장애 등과 동반되어 나타날 수 있다. 그 유병률은 낮게는 1.7%, 높게는 30% 정도로 추정하고 있지만 학동기 아동의 약 3~9%가 이 장애를 갖고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 기초학습기능검사를 통하여 진단한다. 학습의 기회나 교육적인 자극이 부족한 경우, 집중력 부족, 우울증-불안 등 정서적 문제, 신경학적 이상에 의한 경우 등이 원인일 수 있다. 학습과 관련이 있는 뇌기능과 연관된 특정영역에 결함이 있거나 발육지연 또는 장애가 있는 경우도 원인이 된다. 또한 부모가 조기에 자녀의 능력과 적성을 잘 알지 못하는 경우에도 많이 생긴다. |
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| 영문 | dissociative disorder | 한글 | 해리장애 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 의식, 동작, 혹은 주체성 등의 인격의 정상적인 통합기능에 급격하고 일시적인 변화가 일어나서 하나, 또는 그 이상의 기능의 어느 부분이 상실되는 정신질환을 해리성 장애라고 한다. 이 질환에 속하는 대표적인 것으로는 심인성기억상실증(psychogenic amnesia), 다중인격(multiple personality), 둔주(fugue) 등이 있다. 심인성 기억상실증이란 정신적인 통합기능 중에서 특히 의식의 급격하고 일시적인 변화가 일어나서 뇌의 장애없이 과거의 일을 기억하지 못하는 것을 말한다. 다중인격이란 한 가지 이상의 인격이 사람에게 존재하는 것으로 특정한 인격은 일정 기간동안 그 사람을 지배하고 그 인격 각각은 그 나름의 체계를 가지고 인간관계를 형성하는 것이 대부분이다. 둔주란 자신의 주체에 대한 기억을 상실하고 새로운 주체성을 가지고 가정이나 직장을 떠나서 예정에 없던 여행을 갑작스럽게 하는 것으로 대개 통상적인 상황에서는 거의 일어나지 않고 전시, 천재지변에서 자주 있고 둔주에서의 회복은 급작스럽게 일어나고 재발은 거의 없다. 해리성 장애의 대부분은 회복이 될 경우에는 발병기간 중에 있었던 일을 기억해 내지 못하는 것이 대부분이다. |
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| HMIS | hazardous materials identification system; hospital medical information system |
|---|---|
| IMS | incurred in military service; Indian Medical Service; industrial methylated spirit; information mana... |
| IRIS | integrated risk information system; interleukin regulation of immune system; International Research ... |
| MCS | malignant carcinoid syndrome; managed care system; massage of the carotid sinus; mesocaval shunt; me... |
| MHS | major histocompatibility system; malignant hyperthermia in swine; malignant hyperthermia syndrome; m... |
| depersonalization disorder | <psychiatry> A mental disorder or heterogeneous group of disorders (the schizophrenias or schizophrenic disorders) comprising most major psychotic disorders and characterised by disturbances in form and content of thought (loosening of associations, delusions and hallucinations) mood (blunted, flattened or inappropriate affect), sense of self and relationship to the external world (loss of ego boundaries, dereistic thinking and autistic withdrawal) and behaviour (bizarre, apparently purposeless and stereotyped activity or inactivity). The definition and clinical application of the concept of the concept of schizophrenia have varied greatly. The DSM III R criteria emphasise marked disorder of thought (delusions, hallucinations or other thought disorder accompanied by disordered affect or behaviour), deterioration from a previous level of functioning and chronicity (duration of more than 6 months), thus excluding from this classification conditions referred to by others as acute, borderline, simple or latent schizophrenia. Originally called dementia praecox and characterised as a psychosis with adolescent onset and a chronic course ending in deterioration. The term schizophrenia was introduced by Bleuler because neither early onset nor terminal deterioration is an essential feature, he emphasised the splitting and lack of personality integration seen in the disorder. Origin: Gr. Phren = mind (18 Nov 1997) |
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| depressive disorder | An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. (12 Dec 1998) |
| disorder | 1. Want of order or regular disposition; lack of arrangement; confusion; disarray; as, the troops were thrown into disorder; the papers are in disorder. 2. Neglect of order or system; irregularity. "From vulgar bounds with brave disorder part, And snatch a grace beyond the reach of art." (Pope) 3. Breach of public order; disturbance of the peace of society; tumult. 4. Disturbance of the functions of the animal economy of the soul; sickness; derangement. "Disorder in the body." Synonym: Irregularity, disarrangement, confusion, tumult, bustle, disturbance, disease, illness, indisposition, sickness, ailment, malady, distemper. See Disease. Origin: Pref. Dis- + order: cf. F. Desordre. 1. To disturb the order of; to derange or disarrange; to throw into confusion; to confuse. "Disordering the whole frame or jurisprudence." (Burke) "The burden . . . Disordered the aids and auxiliary rafters into a common ruin." (Jer. Taylor) 2. To disturb or interrupt the regular and natural functions of (either body or mind); to produce sickness or indisposition in; to discompose; to derange; as, to disorder the head or stomach. "A man whose judgment was so much disordered by party spirit." (Macaulay) 3. To depose from holy orders. Synonym: To disarrange, derange, confuse, discompose. Origin: Disordered; Disordering. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| identity disorder | A mental disorder of childhood or adolescence in which one suffers severe distress regarding one's ability to reconcile aspects of the self into a coherent acceptable sense of self. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dysthymic disorder | Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (dsm-IV) (12 Dec 1998) |
| immune complex disorder | An immunologic category of diseases evoked by the deposition of antigen-antibody or antigen-antibody-complement complexes on cell surfaces, with subsequent involvement of breakdown products of complement, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and development of vasculitis; nephritis is common. Arthus phenomenon and serum sickness are classic examples, but many other disorders, including most of the connective tissue disease's, may belong in this immunologic category; immune complex disease's can also occur during a variety of disease's of known aetiology, such as subacute bacterial endocarditis. See: autoimmune disease. Synonym: immune complex disorder, type III hypersensitivity reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| impulse control disorder | A class of mental disorder's characterised by an individual's failure to resist an impulse to perform some act harmful to himself or to others; includes pathological gambling, pedophilia, kleptomania, pyromania, trichotillomania, intermittent and isolated explosive disorder's. (05 Mar 2000) |
| induced psychotic disorder | <psychiatry> A severe mental disorder brought about by a toxic agent such as a drug or hallucinogen. See: psychosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| intermittent explosive disorder | <psychology> An uncommon disorder that begins in early childhood, characterised by repeated acts of violent, aggressive behaviour in otherwise normal persons that is markedly out of proportion to the event that provokes it. Synonym: dyscontrol, episodic dyscontrol syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| isolated explosive disorder | A disorder of impulse control characterised by a single episode of failure to resist a violent, externally directed act which had serious impact on others. (05 Mar 2000) |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder | An anxiety disorder characterised by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behaviour which the individual generally recognises as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension. (12 Dec 1998) |
| obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | A psychological disorder with a pervasive pattern of inflexible perfectionism which begins by early adulthood as indicated by many of the following symptoms: an unattainable perfectionism with overly strict standards which often make it impossible to complete a task; preoccupation with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or scheduling to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost; unreasonable insistence that others submit to exactly his or her way of doing things; an unnecessary, excessive devotion to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships; rumination to the point of indecisiveness; (6) overconscientiousness about matters of morality, ethics, or values; (7) restricted expression of affection; (8) lack of generosity in giving time, money, or gifts when no personal gain is likely to result; and (9) an inability to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value. Synonym: obsessional neurosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oppositional disorder | A mental disorder of childhood or adolescence marked by a pattern of disobedient, negativistic, and provocative opposition to authority figures. (05 Mar 2000) |
| organic mental disorder | A psychological, cognitive, or behavioural abnormality associated with transient or permanent dysfunction of the brain, usually characterised by the presence of an organic mental syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| overanxious disorder | A mental disorder of childhood or adolescence marked by excessive worrying and fearful behaviour not related specifically to separation or due to recent stress. (05 Mar 2000) |