| CR | calculation rate; calculus removed; calorie-restricted; cardiac rehabilitation; cardiac resuscitatio... |
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| CRL | cell repository line; Certified Record Librarian; complement receptor location; complement receptor ... |
| DR | degeneration reaction; delivery room; deoxyribose; diabetic retinopathy; diagnostic radiology; digit... |
| ERA | electrical response activity; electroencephalic response audiometry; Electroshock Research Associati... |
| ERP | early receptor potential; effective refractory period; elodoisin-related peptide; endoscopic retrogr... |
| purinergic receptor | <biochemistry> Receptors that use purine nucleotides (e.g. ATP) as ligands. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| signal recognition particle receptor | Receptor for the signal recognition particle (SRP) found in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Also called docking protein. Heterodimeric, both protomers having GTP binding capacity, though dissimilar binding sites. Not until the complex of SRP, ribosome, message and nascent polypeptide chain binds to the SRP receptor is the block to further chain elongation released and concurrently the SRP is released, leaving the ribosome attached to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Cotranslational transport of the polypeptide delivers it into the lumen of the ER. (18 Nov 1997) |
| S-receptor kinase | <enzyme> Srk - s-receptor kinase; from brassica oleracea; amino acid sequence has been determined Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- Synonym: srk gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| steroid receptor | Family of nuclear transcription factors, most of which are receptors for hormones of the steroid family, for example androgen, oestrogen, glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, retinoic acid, ecdysone, thyroid hormone and the Drosophila transcription factors knirps, ultraspiracle and seven up. This family contains a conserved domain (the steroid finger motif) containing two C4 type zinc fingers. (18 Nov 1997) |
| nicotinic acetylcholine receptor | Integral membrane protein of the postsynaptic membrane to which acetylcholine binds. The receptor contains an integral ion channel, as a result of binding of acetylcholine, ion channels in the subsynaptic membrane are opened. at the neuromuscular junction, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor initiates muscle contraction. Currently the best characterised ion channel protein: made of a hetero pentamer of related subunits, although a homo pentamer is functional in insects. Structural studies show that the acetylcholine binding site and the ionic channel are part of the same macromolecular unit. The nAChR mediates rapid transduction events (1ms) whereas receptors activating G-protein coupled channels operate on slower time scales (millisecond to second range). (18 Nov 1997) |
| nicotinic cholinergic receptor | A class of receptors responsive to acetylcholine that also are activated by nicotine; ganglionic (including the adrenal medulla) and neuromuscular receptors. Two classes exist: nicotinic-neuronal and nicotinic-muscular. (05 Mar 2000) |
| NMDA receptor | A type of glutamate receptor that participates in excitatory neurotransmission and also binds N-methyl-d-aspartate; may be particularly involved in the cell damage observed in individuals with Huntington's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| N methyl D aspartate receptor | <physiology> Glutamate receptor sub type (see excitatory amino acids). N methyl D aspartate receptor channels seem to be potentiated by intracellular arachidonic acid. Acronym: NMDA (26 Mar 1998) |
| quisqualate receptor | <cell biology> Glutamate operated ion channel. See: excitatory amino acid receptor channels. (05 Feb 1998) |
| insulin receptor | Areas on the outer part of a cell that allow the cell to join or bind with insulin that is in the blood. When the cell and insulin bind together, the cell can take glucose (sugar) from the blood and use it for energy. (09 Oct 1997) |
| insulin receptor protein-tyrosine kinase | <enzyme> A catalytic protein-tyrosine kinase domain found on the cytoplasmic beta-portion of the insulin receptor. Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| insulin receptor substrate-1 protein | <chemical> Amino acid sequence given in first source; a 180 kD protein that contains multiple phosphorylated tyrosine residues after insulin stimulation; human and rat forms (hirs-1 and irs-1) are homologous Synonym: insulin receptor substrate-1-like protein, irs-1 protein, irs-1 gene product, hirs-1 protein, hirs-1 gene product, insulin receptor substrate 1, insulin receptor substrate-1 (05 Dec 1998) |
| oestrogen receptor | <cell biology> Cytoplasmic proteins that bind oestrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of oestrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important and determines the likelihood of response to anti-oestrogen therapy with tamoxifen. (17 Jul 2002) |
| olfactory receptor cells | Very slender nerve cell's, with large nuclei and surmounted by six to eight long, sensitive cilia in the olfactory epithelium at the roof of the nose; they are the receptors for smell. Synonym: olfactory cells, Schultze's cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| olfactory receptor neurons | Neurons in the olfactory epithelium with proteins (receptors, odourant) that bind, and thus detect, odourants. Olfactory receptor neurons are bipolar. They send to the surface of the epithelium apical dendrites with non-motile cilia from which project odourant receptor molecules. Their unmyelinated axons synapse in the olfactory bulb of the brain. Unlike other neurons, they can be generated from precursor cells in adults. (12 Dec 1998) |