| NAP | nasion, point A, pogonion [convexity or concavity of the facial profile]; nerve action potential; ne... |
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| NEP | negative expiratory pressure; nephrology; neutral endopeptidase; no evidence of pathology |
| PA | panic attack; pantothenic acid; paralysis agitans; paranoia; passive aggressive; pathology; patient'... |
| Pa | pascal; pathologist, pathology; protactinium; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; pulmonary arterial [pressure] |
| PAL | pathology laboratory; peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lysine phase alteration plane; p... |
| clinical research trials | Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of medications or medical devices by monitoring their effects on large groups of people. Clinical medical trials sponsored by the U. S. Government are listed on a web site of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIH Clinical Centre intends to make details of current clinical research studies for various diseases available over the Internet to increase opportunities for patients and physicians to participate in clinical investigations. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| clinical root | That portion of a tooth embedded in the investing structures; the portion of a tooth not visible in the oral cavity. Synonym: radix clinica. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clinical sensitivity | Test positivity in disease; ability of a test to correctly identify disease. See: diagnostic sensitivity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clinical spectrometry | Spectroscopic determination of the types and amounts of various substances in living tissue or fluid from a living body. Synonym: clinical spectrometry. Origin: bio-+ L. Spectrum, an image, + G. Metron, measure (05 Mar 2000) |
| clinical spectroscopy | Spectroscopic examination of specimens of living tissue, including fluids removed therefrom. Synonym: clinical spectroscopy. Origin: bio-+ L. Spectrum, image, + G. Skopeo, to examine (05 Mar 2000) |
| clinical studies | <pharmacology> Human studies that are designed to measure the safety, efficacy, and appropriate dosage of a new drug or biological. Clinical studies routinely involve the use of a placebo group that is given an inactive substance that looks like the test product. (14 Nov 1997) |
| clinical syndrome | <syndrome> A clinical syndrome represents a typical constellation of physical (and laboratory) findings that may be seen as part of a primary disease process. A good example is shock, a clinical syndrome seen with many primary disease processes. (13 Nov 1997) |
| clinical thermometer | A small, self-registering thermometer, consisting of a simple scaled glass tube containing mercury, used for taking the temperature of the body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| clinical trial | <pharmacology> Research study conducted with patients, usually to evaluate a new treatment or drug. Each trial is designed to answer scientific questions and to find better ways to treat individuals with a specific disease. (12 May 1997) |
| clinical trial, phase I | A pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficacy of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques based on a small number of healthy persons and conducted over the period of about a year in either the united states or a foreign country. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trial, phase II | A pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficacy of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques based on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients, and conducted over a period of about two years in either the united states or a foreign country. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trial, phase III | A pre-planned, usually controlled, clinical study of the safety and efficacy of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques after phase II trials. A large enough group of patients is studied and closely monitored by physicians for adverse response to long-term exposure, over a period of about three years in either the united states or a foreign country. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trial, phase IV | Planned post-marketing studies of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques that have been approved for general sale after clinical trials, phases I, II, and III. These studies, conducted in the united states or a foreign country, often garner additional data about the safety and efficacy of a product. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trials | Medical research studies conducted with volunteers. Each study is designed to answer scientific questions and to find better ways to prevent, detect, or treat cancer. (12 Dec 1998) |
| clinical trials, phase I | Studies performed to evaluate the safety of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques in healthy subjects and to determine the safe dosage range (if appropriate). These tests also are used to determine pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties (toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, and preferred route of administration). They involve a small number of persons and usually last about 1 year. This concept includes phase I studies conducted both in the u.s. And in other countries. (12 Dec 1998) |