| biological oceanography | <study> The study of marine plants and animals and the way they interact with the marine environments. Similar to the study of marine biology. (21 Mar 1998) |
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| biological oxidation | Decomposition of organic materials by microorganisms. (05 Dec 1998) |
| biological phenomena | Biological functions and activities at the organic and molecular levels in humans, animals, microorganisms, and plants. For biochemical and metabolic processes, biochemical phenomena is available. (12 Dec 1998) |
| biological products | Complex pharmaceutical substances, preparations, or agents of organic origin, usually obtained by biological methods or assay, that depend for their action on the processes affecting immunity. They are used especially in diagnosis and treatment of disease (as vaccines or pollen extracts). Biological products are differentiated from biological factors in that the latter are compounds with biological or physiological activity made by living organisms. (12 Dec 1998) |
| biological psychiatry | An interdisciplinary science concerned with studies of the biological bases of behaviour - biochemical, genetic, physiological, and neurological - and applying these to the understanding and treatment of mental illness. (12 Dec 1998) |
| biological response modifier | <pharmacology, oncology> A substance used in adjuvant therapy that takes advantage of the bodys own natural defense mechanisms to inhibit the growth of a tumour. (16 Dec 1997) |
| biological response modifiers | Substances that stimulate the body's response to infection and disease. The body naturally produces small amounts of these substances. Scientists can produce some of them in the laboratory in large amounts and use them in cancer treatment. Also called BRMs. (12 Dec 1998) |
| biological sampling | Denotes sampling that can be taken without jeopardy to the whole organism (e.g., for haematological or biochemical study). Because of the complexity of biological samples it is usually supposed that the source of the sample is thoroughly mixed and hence representative; this assumption is often not true e.g., in genetic studies in mosaic patients. (05 Mar 2000) |
| biological sciences | All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from biology, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms. (12 Dec 1998) |
| biological specificity | <biology, zoology> The specific, orderly patterns of development and metabolism which define and characterise an individual and its species. (21 Mar 1998) |
| biological specimen banks | Centres for collecting, storing, and distributing human or other animal material or tissues for future use by other individuals, as blood banks, bone banks, eye banks, milk banks, skin banks, sperm banks, and tissue banks. (12 Dec 1998) |
| biological standard unit | A specific quantity of biologically active reference material (antibiotic, antitoxin, enzyme, hormone, vitamin, etc.). (05 Mar 2000) |
| biological therapy | <oncology> Treatment with substances that can stimulate the immune system to fight disease more effectively. Synonym: immunotherapy. (16 Dec 1997) |
| biological transport | The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) across cell membranes and epithelial layers, usually by passive diffusion. (12 Dec 1998) |
| biological transport, active | The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy. (12 Dec 1998) |