| anion exchange | The process by which an anion in a mobile (liquid) phase exchanges with another anion previously bound to a solid, positively charged phase, the latter being an anion exchanger. It takes place when Cl- is exchanged for OH- in desalting. The reaction is Cl- (in solution) + (OH- on anion exchanger+) → (Cl- on anion exchanger) + OH- (in solution); combined with cation exchange, NaCl is removed from solution. Anion exchange may also be used chromatographically, to separate anions, and medicinally, to remove an anion (e.g., Cl-) from gastric contents or bile acids in the intestine. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| anion exchange resin | <chemistry> A resin with fixed cationic groups which is used in chromatography to separate anionic molecules. A High molecular weight, insoluble polymers that contain functional anionic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions. These resins are used for ion exchange chromatography, as gastric antacids, hypocholesteraemics, etc. (14 Aug 2000) |
| anion exchanger | Family of Integral membrane proteins that perform the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane. Best known is Band III protein of the red blood cell. (18 Nov 1997) |
| anion gap | <biochemistry> The difference between the sum of the measured cations and anions in the plasma or serum calculated as follows: (Na + K) -(Cl + HCO3) = < 20 mmol/l. Elevated values may occur in diabetic or lactic acidosis; normal or low values occur in bicarbonate-losing metabolic acidoses. Synonym: cation-anion difference. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anionic | Pertaining to or containing an anion. (18 Nov 1997) |
| anionic detergent | Detergents in which the hydrophilic funtion is fulfilled by an anionic grouping. Fatty acids are the best known natural products in this class, but it is doubtful if they have a specific detergent function in any biological system. The important synthetic species are aliphatic sulphate esters, for example sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS or SLS). (18 Nov 1997) |
| anionic detergents | Detergent's, such as soaps (alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids), that carry a negative electric charge on a lipid-like molecule and exert a limited antibacterial effect. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anionic neutrophil activating peptide | <cytokine> A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. Il-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfamily and structurally related to platelet factor 4. Acronym: IL-8 (12 Dec 1998) |
| anionotropy | The migration of a negative ion in tautomeric changes. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anions | Negatively charged atoms or radicals. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aniridia | A congenital absence of the iris in the eye. (27 Sep 1997) |
| anisakiasis | Infection with roundworms of the genus anisakis. Human infection results from the consumption of fish harboring roundworm larvae. The worms may cause acute nausea and vomiting or may penetrate into the wall of the digestive tract, where they give rise to eosinophilic granulomas in the stomach, intestine, or the omentum. (12 Dec 1998) |
| anisakid | Common name for nematodes of the family Anisakidae. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Anisakidae | Family of large nematode worms (superfamily Heterocheilidae) found in the stomach and intestines of fish-eating birds and marine mammals, infection being acquired from marine fish; human cases of anisakiasis have been reported from Japan. See: Anisakis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| anisakis | A genus of nematodes of the superfamily ascaridoidea. Its organisms are found in the stomachs of marine animals and birds. Human infection occurs by ingestion of raw fish that contain larvae. (12 Dec 1998) |
Synonyms : Founder Animals, Transgenic, GMO Animals, Genetically Engineered Animals, Animal, GMO, Animal, Genetically Engineered, Animal, Genetically Modified, Animal, Transgenic, Animal, Transgenic Founder, Animals, GMO, Animals, Genetically Engineered, GMO Animal
Synonyms : Inbred Animal Strains, Inbred Strain of Animal, Inbred Strains of Animals, Inbred Strains, Animal, Animal Inbred Strain, Animal Inbred Strains, Animal Strain, Inbred, Animal Strains, Inbred, Animal, Inbred Strains, Animals Inbred Strain, Animals Inbred Strains
Synonyms :
Synonyms : Animal, Neonatal, Animal, Newborn, Neonatal Animal, Neonatal Animals, Newborn Animal, Newborn Animals
Synonyms : Outbred Animal Strains, Outbred Strain of Animal, Outbred Strains of Animals, Outbred Strains, Animals, Animal Outbred Strain, Animal Outbred Strains, Animal Strain, Outbred, Animal Strains, Outbred, Animal, Outbred Strains, Animals Outbred Strain
| aniseikonic |
relating to or characteristic of the visual defect aniseikonia
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| anisogamete |
either of a pair of unlike gametes especially those unlike in size
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| anisogametic |
relating to either of a pair of dissimilar (anisogamic) gametes combining in sexual reproduction
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| anisogamous |
anisogamic: relating to a type of sexual reproduction in which the gametes are dissimilar in some respect (as size or shape)
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| animatism |
the attribution of consciousness and personality to natural phenomena such as thunderstorms and earthquakes and to objects such as plants and stones
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| ANI | an act that makes people cruel or lacking normal human qualities |
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| ANI | a depiction in the form of an animal |
| ANI | become brutal or insensitive and unfeeling |
| ANI | make brutal, unfeeling, or inhuman |
| ANI | represent in the form of an animal |
| ANI | resembling or having characteristics of an animal |
| ANI | give new life or energy to |
| ANI | make lively |
| ANI | give life-like qualities to |
| ANI | heighten or intensify |
| ANI | endowed with feeling and unstructured consciousness |
| ANI | endowed with animal life as distinguished from plant life |