| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
||
| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
||
| HSS | Hallermann-Streiff syndrome; Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome; Henoch-Schonlein syndrome; high-speed supe... |
|---|---|
| MAS | magic angle spinning; Manifest Anxiety Scale; maximum average score; McCune-Albright syndrome; mecon... |
| MDS | Master of Dental Surgery; maternal deprivation syndrome; medical data screening; medical data system... |
| OHS | obesity hypoventilation syndrome; occipital Horn syndrome; occupational health service; ocular histo... |
| PLS | Papillon-Lefevre syndrome; polydactyly-luxation syndrome; preleukemic syndrome; primary lateral scle... |
| interscalene triangle | Triangular gap bounded by the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius muscles and the first rib to which the muscles attach; the hiatus provides passage for the subclavian artery and the roots of the brachial plexus. Compression of the structures passing through the hiatus by any means is manifest as "thoracic outlet syndrome." Synonym: interscalene triangle. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| occipital triangle | A triangle of the neck bounded by the trapezius, the sternocleidomastoid, and the omohyoid muscles. See: inferior occipital triangle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| omoclavicular triangle | The triangle bounded by the clavicle, the omohyoid muscle, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle; it contains the subclavian artery and vein. Synonym: fossa supraclavicularis major, trigonum omoclaviculare, greater supraclavicular fossa, omoclavicular triangle, subclavian triangle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| omotracheal triangle | The triangle bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, and the anterior midline of the neck; the infrahyoid muscles occupy most of it. Synonym: trigonum musculare, trigonum omotracheale, inferior carotid triangle, omotracheal triangle, tracheal triangle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Einthoven's triangle | An imaginary equilateral triangle with the heart at its centre, its equal sides representing the three standard limb leads of the electrocardiogram. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Elaut's triangle | Triangle formed by the iliac arteries and the promontory of the sacrum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tracheal triangle | The triangle bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, and the anterior midline of the neck; the infrahyoid muscles occupy most of it. Synonym: trigonum musculare, trigonum omotracheale, inferior carotid triangle, omotracheal triangle, tracheal triangle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| triangle | 1. <geometry> A figure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles. A triangle is either plane, spherical, or curvilinear, according as its sides are straight lines, or arcs of great circles of a sphere, or any curved lines whatever. A plane triangle is designated as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral, according as it has no two sides equal, two sides equal, or all sides equal; and also as right-angled, or oblique-angled, according as it has one right angle, or none; and oblique-angled triangle is either acute-angled, or obtuse-angled, according as all the angles are acute, or one of them obtuse. The terms scalene, isosceles, equilateral, right-angled, acute-angled, and obtuse-angled, are applied to spherical triangles in the same sense as to plane triangles. 2. An instrument of percussion, usually made of a rod of steel, bent into the form of a triangle, open at one angle, and sounded by being struck with a small metallic rod. 3. A draughtsman's square in the form of a right-angled triangle. 4. A kind of frame formed of three poles stuck in the ground and united at the top, to which soldiers were bound when undergoing corporal punishment, now disused. 5. <astronomy> A small constellation situated between Aries and Andromeda. A small constellation near the South Pole, containing three bright stars. <zoology> Triangle spider, a small American spider (Hyptiotes Americanus) of the family Ciniflonidae, living among the dead branches of evergreen trees. It constructs a triangular web, or net, usually composed of four radii crossed by a double elastic fibre. The spider holds the thread at the apex of the web and stretches it tight, but lets go and springs the net when an insect comes in contact with it. Origin: L. Triangulum, fr. Triangulus triangular; tri- (see Tri-) + angulus angle: cf. F. Triangle. See Angle a corner. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| triangle bandage | <orthopaedics> A cloth (muslin) bandage in the shape of an equilateral triangle. Two triangle bandages can be made by cutting a 36-40 inch cloth square diagonally corner to corner. The triangle bandage is an excellent first aid dressing for scalp wounds and can also be used as a shoulder sling. (19 Jan 1998) |
| triangle of auscultation | Space bounded by the lower border of the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, and the medial margin of the scapula, where the absence of musculature allows respiratory sounds to be heard clearly with a stethoscope. (05 Mar 2000) |
| triangle of elbow | The fossa in front of the elbow, bounded laterally and medially by the humeral origins of the extensors and flexors of the forearm, respectively, and superiorly by an imaginary line connecting the humeral condyles. Synonym: fossa cubitalis, antecubital space, chelidon, triangle of elbow. (05 Mar 2000) |
| triangle of fillet | A triangular area on the lateral surface of the caudal half of the mesencephalon, bordered caudally by the slight prominence of the lateral lemniscus, dorsally by the base of the inferior colliculus and the brachium of the superior colliculus, and ventrally by the crus cerebri. Synonym: Reil's triangle, triangle of fillet, trigone of fillet, trigonum lemnisci. (05 Mar 2000) |
| triangle of safety | The area at the lower left sternal border where the pericardium is not covered by lung (pericardial notch); preferred site for aspiration of pericardial fluid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| triangle of vertebral artery | <anatomy, artery> Triangular area in the root of the neck bounded laterally by the scalenus anterior and medially by the longus coli muscles; the two muscles meet at the triangle's apex, formed by the anterior (carotid) tubercle of the transverse process of vertebra C6; the vertebral artery arises from the subclavian artery at the base of the triangle, bisecting the triangle as it ascends to the apex to enter the transverse foramen of vertebra C6. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Tweed triangle | A triangle defined by facial and dental landmarks on a lateral cephalometric film, using the Frankfort horizontal plane as a base and intended for use as a guide in the evaluation and planning of orthodontic treatment. (05 Mar 2000) |