| transcription factor | <molecular biology> Protein required for recognition by RNA polymerases of specific stimulatory sequences in eukaryotic genes. Several are known that activate transcription by RNA polymerase II when bound to upstream promoters. Transcription of the 5S RNA gene in Xenopus by RNA polymerase III is dependent on a 40 kD protein TFIIIA that binds to a regulatory site in the centre of the gene and was the first protein found to exhibit the metal binding domains known as zinc fingers. (17 Mar 1998) |
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| transcription factor ap-1 | A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerise in order to bind to the ap-1 recognition site, also known as the tpa-responsive element (tre). Ap-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcription factor, sp1 | Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the gc box, one of the upstream promoter elements (upe) in mammalian cells. The binding of sp1 is necessary to initiate transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral genes including c-ha-ras and HIV. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcription factors | Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcription factors, tfii | The so-called general transcription factors that bind to RNA polymerase II and that are required to initiate transcription. They include tfiia, tfiib, tfiid, tfiie, tfiif, tfiih, tfii-I, and tfiij. In vivo they apparently bind in an ordered multi-step process and/or may form a large preinitiation complex called RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcription factors, tfiii | Factors that bind to RNA polymerase III and aid in transcription. They include the assembly factors tfiiia and tfiiic and the initiation factor tfiiib. All combine to form a preinitiation complex at the promotor that directs the binding of RNA polymerase III. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcription unit | <molecular biology> A region of DNA that is transcribed to produce a single primary RNA transcript, i.e. A newly synthesised RNA molecule that has not been processed. Transcription units can be mapped by kinetic studies of RNA synthesis and in some instances directly visualised by electron microscopy. (17 Mar 1998) |
| transcription, genetic | The transfer of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA by DNA-directed RNA polymerase. It includes reverse transcription and transcription of early and late genes expressed early in an organism's life cycle or during later development. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcriptional control | <molecular biology> Control of gene expression by controlling the number of RNA transcripts of a region of DNA. A major regulatory mechanism for differential control of protein synthesis in both pro and eukaryotic cells. (18 Nov 1997) |
| transcriptional silencing | <molecular biology> Mechanism of transcriptional control where DNA is bundled into heterochromatin in order to make it permanently inaccessible for future transcription. Effectively, this allows for memory in the determination of cell fate in developing organisms. In Drosophila, homeotic genes are silenced by members of the Polycomb group of genes. (17 Mar 1998) |
| transcultural nursing | A nursing specialty created to answer the need for developing a global perspective in the practice of nursing in a world of interdependent nations and people. The focus of this nursing discipline is on the integration of international and transcultural content into the training. Courses include study in the area of cultural differences, nursing in other countries, and international health issues and organizations, as an example. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcutaneous | <pharmacology> Entering through the dermis or skin, as in administration of a drug applied to the skin in ointment or patch form. (17 Mar 1998) |
| transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation | Electrical stimulation of nerves and/or muscles to relieve pain; it is used less frequently to produce anaesthesia. The optimal placements of electrodes or "trigger points" may correspond with acupuncture analgesia points. Tens is sometimes referred to as acupuncture-like when using a low frequency stimulus. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transcytosis | <cell biology> Process of transport of material across an epithelium by uptake on one face into a coated vesicle, which may then be sorted through the trans Golgi network and transported to the opposite face in another set of vesicles. (17 Mar 1998) |
| transcytotic vesicle | <cell biology> Membrane bounded vesicle that shuttles fluid from one side of the endothelium to the other. There is some controversy as to whether or not they form pores. (17 Mar 1998) |
Synonyms : C-EBP Homologous Protein, DDIT3 Protein, DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 3 Protein, GADD153 Protein, Growth Arrest And DNA Damage-Inducible Protein 153, C EBP Homologous Protein, CHOP, Transcription Factor, DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 Protein
Synonyms : DP-1 Transcription Factor, DP1 Protein, DRTF1 Transcription Factor, DRTF1a Transcription Factor, DRTF1b Transcription Factor, DRTF1c Transcription Factor, Dimerization Partner 1 Protein, E2F Dimerization Partner 1, TFDP1 Protein, Transcription Factor DP-1
Synonyms : GHF-1 Transcription Factor, GHF1 Protein, Pit-1 Transcription Factor, Pit-2 Protein, Pit1 Growth Hormone Factor, Pituitary-Specific Transcription Factor Pit-1, Transcription Factor GHF-1, GHF 1 Transcription Factor, GHF-1, Transcription Factor, Pit 2 Protein
Synonyms : NF-kappa B p65, NF-kappaB 65-kDa, Transcription Factor p65, p65 Transcription Factor, v-Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A, NF kappa B p65, NF kappa B p65 Subunit, NF kappaB 65 kDa, RelA, Transcription Factor, Transcription Factor, p65
Synonyms : Inhibitory Rel Protein, Rel-Related Protein, v-Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog B, Rel Protein, Inhibitory, Rel Related Protein, RelB, Transcription Factor, v Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog B
| transposition |
any abnormal position of the organs of the body substitution: an event in which one thing is substituted for another; "the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood" (genetics) a kind of mutation in which a chromosomal segment is transfered to a new position on the same or another chromosome (mathematics) the transfer of a quantity from one side of an equation to the other along with a change of sign (electricity) a rearrangement of the relative positions of power lines in order to minimize the effects of mutual capacitance and inductance; "he wrote a textbook on the electrical effects of transposition" the act of reversing the order or place of (music) playing in a different key from the key intended; moving the pitch of a piece of music upwards or downwards
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| transfer RNA |
RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according to directions coded in the mRNA)
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| transposon |
a segment of DNA that can become integrated at many different sites along a chromosome (especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole)
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| transference |
(psychoanalysis) the process whereby emotions are passed on or displaced from one person to another; during psychoanalysis the displacement of feelings toward others (usually the parents) is onto the analyst transfer: transferring ownership transfer: the act of transfering something from one form to another; "the transfer of the music from record to tape suppressed much of the background noise"
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| transferase |
any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound
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| trans | the act of making a record (especially an audio record) |
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| trans | a recording (e.g., from broadcast to tape recording) |
| trans | something written, especially copied from one medium to another, as a typewritten version of dictation |
| trans | (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA |
| trans | extending through all human cultures |
| trans | (pharmacology) through the unbroken skin (refers to medications applied directly to the skin (creams or ointments) or in time-release forms (skin patches)) |
| trans | (pharmacology) through the unbroken skin (refers to medications applied directly to the skin (creams or ointments) or in time-release forms (skin patches)) |
| trans | (pharmacology) through the unbroken skin (refers to medications applied directly to the skin (creams or ointments) or in time-release forms (skin patches)) |
| trans | cause transduction |
| trans | an electrical device that converts one form of energy into another |
| trans | a vector for delivering genes into cells |
| trans | the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form |