| 영문 | Horner syndrome | 한글 | 호르너증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 교감신경경로의 장애로 생기는 병이다. 교감신경은 자율신경의 하나로 온몸에 분포를 한다. 특히 얼굴쪽에는 눈꺼플을 올리는 근육과 땀샘에 분포하고 있다. 이와 같은 교감신경의 작용으로 눈꺼풀을 정상적으로 올리고 얼굴에 땀이 나오게 된다. 그 외에도 눈의 빛의 양을 조절하는 홍채를 수축시키는 근육에 분포해서 그 작용으로 눈의 홍채가 수축하여 동공이 커지게 된다. 교감신경은 그 기원이 대뇌속에 존재하는 시상하부라는 곳이고 이곳에서 시작한 교감신경은 척수를 타고 내려와서 목부위에서 척수를 빠져나와서 교감신경을 줄기를 형성하여 다시 뇌로 가는 혈관을 따라서 얼굴쪽으로 가게된다. 만약 이 교감신경의 주행부위에 병변이 생기면 그쪽의 얼굴에 교감신경이 차단되므로 병터쪽의 눈의 눈꺼풀쳐짐, 축동 그리고 병변측 얼굴부의 땀이 나지 않는 것 등의 증상을 나타나게 된다. 이런 현상을 호르너증후군이라고 한다. 이것은 여러 가지 병에서 나타날 수가 있는데 뇌나 척수의 질환중에서 이 교감신경로를 압박하거나 침범하는 병에서 생길 수도 있으며, 또는 폐암이 척수에서 빠져나와 목부분에서 이룬 교감신경의 줄기를 누를 경우에도 생길 수도 있다. |
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| 영문 | respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) | 한글 | 호흡곤란증후군 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 폐포와 폐모세혈관 사이에 부종으로 인한 확산능 감소로 호흡곤란과 청색증을 보이는 상태로 감염, 수술, 외상 등 모든 종류의 스트레스상황에서 발생할 수 있다. 치료는 선행 요인의 교정과 적절한 혈액내 산소농도 유지이다. |
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| 영문 | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 한글 | 후천면역결핍증후군, 에이즈 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인간면역결핍바이러스(HIV)에 의하여 면역 세포가 파괴됨으로써 인체의 면역능력이 극도로 저하되어 병원체에 대하여 무방비 상태에 이르는 병. 에이즈 바이러스의 감염으로 생기며, 1981년 미국에서 처음 보고되었다. 최초 감염으로부터 증상이 나타나기까지는 평균 10년 정도 걸리며 사망률이 대단히 높다. 성적 접촉, 오염 주사기 사용, 오염 혈액 및 혈액 제제 사용, 에이즈 산모로부터 수직감염 따위에 의하여 감염된다. 감염 후 일과성으로 감기와 같은 증상을 보이며 바이러스혈증으로 되지만 바이러스는 감소되고 6~8주 후에는 항체가 양성으로 된다. 6~10년 정도의 무증후성 보균기간을 지나서 에이즈관련증후군(AIDS related syndrome)으로 된다. 저항력의 감소, 림프절비대, 체중감소, 발열, 만성설사가 이어진다. 그 후 에이즈로 되며, 폐포자충폐렴 등의 원충병, 칸디다 등의 진균증, 헤르페스바이러스군 등의 기회감염이 이어진다. 또한 카포시육종, 림프종 등을 병발해서 사망한다. 바이러스의 뇌조직내 증식으로 치매를 일으킬 수도 있다. HIV-1은 10년간에 사망률이 90%, HIV-2는 10%이다. |
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| TOS | thoracic outlet syndrome; toxic oil syndrome |
|---|---|
| DSS | 1) Double Simultaneous Stimulation 2) Dengue Shock Syndrome |
| CST | cardiac stress test; cavernous sinus thrombosis; certified surgical technologist; chemostatin; Chris... |
| DHF/DSS | dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shock syndrome |
| DSI | deep shock insulin; Depression Status Inventory; disulfide isomerase; Down Syndrome International |
| high-energy shock waves | Compression waves of large amplitude, across which density, pressure, and particle velocity change drastically. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| histamine shock | The shock state produced in animals by the injection of histamine; characterised by bronchiolar spasm in the guinea pig and constriction of hepatic veins in the dog. (05 Mar 2000) |
| septic shock | <microbiology> Condition of clinical shock caused by endotoxin in the blood. A serious complication of severe burns and abdominal wounds, frequently fatal. Part of the problem seems to be due to increased leucocyte adhesiveness, which leads to massive sequestration of neutrophils in the lung, increased vascular permeability and acute respiratory distress syndrome. (11 Jan 1998) |
| serum shock | Anaphylactic or anaphylactoid shock caused by the injection of antitoxic or other foreign serum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| shell shock | The World War I name for what is known today as posttraumatic stress, this is a psychological disorder that develops in some individuals who have had major traumatic experiences (and, for example, have been in a serious accident or through a war). The person is typically numb at first but later has symptoms including depression, excessive irritability, guilt (for having survived while others died), recurrent nightmares, flashbacks to the traumatic scene, and overreactions to sudden noises. Posttraumatic stress became known as such in the 70s due to the adjustment problems of some vietnam veterans. (12 Dec 1998) |
| shock | 1. <psychiatry> A sudden disturbance of mental equilibrium. 2. <cardiology> A condition of profound haemodynamic and metabolic disturbance characterised by failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of vital organs, it may result from inadequate blood volume (hypovolaemic shock), inadequate cardiac function (cardiogenic shock) or inadequate vasomotor tone (neurogenic shock, septic shock). (18 Nov 1997) |
| shock antigen | An antigen capable of producing anaphylactic shock in an animal that has been sensitised to it. (05 Mar 2000) |
| shock, cardiogenic | Shock caused by heart failure. The heart fails to pump blood effectively. For example, a heart attack (a myocardial infarction) can cause an abnormal ineffectual heart beat (an arhythmia) with very slow, rapid, or irregular contractions of the heart, impairing the heart's ability to pump blood, lowering the volume of blood going to vital organs. Cardiogenic shock can also be due to drugs that reduce heart function or an abnormally low level oxygen in the blood (hypoxaemia) caused, for instance, by lung disease. Whatever be the cause, blood vessels constrict and adrenalin-like substances are secreted into the bloodstream, increasing the heart rate. Treatment of cardiogenic shock is aimed at improving the heart's function. Shock after a heat attack is extremely serious. The mortality rate is over 80%. (12 Dec 1998) |
| shock, hypovolaemic | Shock due to a decrease in blood volume. This is the 1 cause of shock. It can be due to loss of blood from bleeding, loss of blood plasma through severe burns, and dehydration. The treatment, first and foremost, is prompt intravenous administration of fluid. (12 Dec 1998) |
| shock index | The quotient of the cardiac rate divided by the systolic blood pressure; normally approximately 0.5, but in shock (e.g., rising pulse rate with falling blood pressure), the index may reach 1.0. (05 Mar 2000) |
| shock lung | In shock, the development of oedema, impaired perfusion, and reduction in alveolar space so that the alveoli collapse. Synonym: pump lung, wet lung, white lung. (05 Mar 2000) |
| shock, psychologic | Trauma due to psychological events, as in shell shock (now known as posttraumatic stress disorder). (12 Dec 1998) |
| shock, septic | Shock due to circulatory insufficiency caused most commonly by gram-negative bacteraemia. It is less often the result of the persistent presence of other micro-organisms in the blood (fungaemia, viraemia); in rare instances, it is caused by gram-positive organisms, but with different symptomatology. (12 Dec 1998) |
| shock, shell | The World War I name for what is known today as posttraumatic stress, this is a psychological disorder that develops in some individuals who have had major traumatic experiences (and, for example, have been in a serious accident or through a war). The person is typically numb at first but later has symptoms including depression, excessive irritability, guilt (for having survived while others died), recurrent nightmares, flashbacks to the traumatic scene, and overreactions to sudden noises. Posttraumatic stress became known as such in the 70s due to the adjustment problems of some vietnam veterans.shots, allergy: known medically as allergy desensitization or allergy immunotherapy, the injections are designed to stimulate the immune system with gradually increasing doses of the substances to which a person is allergic, the aim being to modify or stop the allergy war (by reducing the strength of the IgE and its effect on the mast cells). This form of treatment is very effective for allergies to pollen, mites, cats, and especially stinging insects (e.g., bees, hornets, yellowjackets, wasps, velvet ants, fire ants). Allergy immunotherapy usually takes 6 months to a year to become effective and injections are usually required for 3-5 years. (12 Dec 1998) |
| shock, surgical | Shock that occurs during or after surgical operation. (12 Dec 1998) |